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Rocks and Minerals

QuestionAnswer
Bioclastic texture A sedimentary-rock texture containing sediments that were formed by biological(living) organisms.
Cementation The process where sediments (rock particles) are cemented together.
Clastic sedimentary rocks Rocks that form when sediments are deposited, compressed, and cemented together. Examples include: conglomerate, breccia, sandstone, siltstone, and shale.
Cleavage The property of a mineral that breaks along flat surfaces.
Coarse texture Composed of large particles, fragments or crystals.
Compaction The compressing of sediments together result from the weight and pressure from sediments above.
Extrusive igneous rock Rock formed from the solidification of molten material (lava) at or near the surface.
Felsic Any igneous rock with light color and low density.
Fine-grained A term that describes the texture of igneous rocks containing crystals that are smaller than 1 mm
Fracture The property of a mineral that breaks with jagged edges.
Glassy A texture found in extrusive igneous rocks that have cooled too rapidly for mineral crystals to form.
Grain size The size of a sediment ... cobbles, pebbles, sand, silt, or clay.
Hardness The ability of a mineral to resist being scratched.
Igneous rock Any rock formed from the cooling and solidification of molten material (magma or lava). Examples of igneous rocks include: rhyolite
Intrusive igneous rock Rock formed from the solidification of magma deep below the surface. These rocks tend to be coarse textured (larger crystals).
Lava The molten (melted) material that is extruded (exit) from an erupting volcano.
Luster The way that a mineral reflects light. Luster is subdivided into metallic and nonmetallic.
Mafic An igneous rock with a dark color and high density.
Magma Molten (melted) rock found beneath the Earth’s surface.
Mineral Any naturally occurring inorganic solid, with a definite chemical composition
Created by: Jennielpeck
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