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Bio 2117 chap 7 & 8
Microbial nutrition/ecology/growth/metabolism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Carbon,Hydrogen,Phosphorus, Oxygen & sulfate | Macronutrients |
| Trace elements - manganese, zinc, nickel, iron | Micronutrients |
| organism that must obtain its carbon in its organic form/ dependent on other life form | heterotroph |
| Nutrients used in large amounts and play a role in cell structure and metabolism | Macronutrients |
| Nutrients used in small amounts, role of enzyme function & maintenance of protein structure | Micronutrients |
| C,H,O,N,S | PROTEINS |
| C,H,O,N,P | NUCLEIC ACIDS |
| C,H,O | CARBOHYDRATES |
| C,H,O | LIPIDS |
| HETEROTROPH/ORGANIC COMPOUND C,H AUTOTROPH/INORGANIC CO2 & GAS CO2 | CARBON SOURCES |
| ATMOSPHERE 80%/AMMONIA/NUCLEIC ACID/PROTEINS | NITROGEN SOURCES |
| ATMOSPHERE/INORGANIC SALTS/ORGANIC COMPOUNDS | OXYGEN SOURCES |
| H2O/INORGANIC SALTS/INORGANIC COMPOUNDS | HYDROGEN SOURCES |
| INORGANIC SALTS/P-NUCLEIC ACID/S-AMINO ACIDS | PHOSPHORUS/PHOSPHATE SOURCES |
| STABILIZE CELL WALLS AND ENDOSPORES | CALCIUM |
| SAME CONCENTRATION OF H2O | ISOTONIC |
| WATER | SOLVENT |
| SUBSTANCE DISSOLVING IN FLUID | SOLUTE |
| HIGH % TO LOW % WATER CONCENTRATION | OSMOSIS |
| REQUIRES NO ENERGY | PASSIVE TRANSPORT |
| HIGHER TO LOWER SOLUTE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT | DIFFUSION |
| USUALLY A PROTEIN CARRIER INVOLVED; HIGH TO LOW SOLUTE CONCENTRATION | FACILITATED DIFFUSION |
| REQUIRES ENERGY | ACTIVE TRANSPORT |
| USES PROTEIN PUMP | FACILITATED DIFFUSION |
| CELL EATING | PHAGOCYTOSIS |
| CELL DRINKING | PINOCYTOSIS |
| SMALL RANGE/PRODUCES FASTEST RATE OF GROWTH AND METABOLISM | OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS |
| HIGHEST TEMP IN WHICH METABOLISM & GROWTH CAN OCCUR | MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS |
| LOWEST TEMP IN WHICH METABOLISM & GROWTH CAN OCCUR | MINIMUM TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS |
| HAVE METABOLISM THAT REQUIRES O2 | AEROBES |
| SURVIVE WITH OR WITHOUT O2 | FACULATATIVE AEROBES |
| LIVE IN ABSENCE OF O2 | ANAEROBES |
| REQUIRES SMALL AMOUNTS OF O2 | MICROAEROPHILE |
| DON'T USE O2 FOR METABOLISM/WON'T DIE WITH O2 | AEROTOLERANT ANAEROBES |
| POSSESS ENZYME UREASE/ LIVE IN ACIDIC CONDITIONS | ACIDOPHILES |
| LIVE IN HIGH LEVELS OF CO2 | CAPNOPHILES |
| SALT LOVING | HALOPHILES |
| 2 ORGANISMS LIVE CLOSE TOGETHER/ AT LEAST ONE DEPENDS ON THE OTHER | SYMBIOTIC |
| BOTH ORGANISMS BENEFIT FROM RELATIONSHIP | MUTUALISM |
| E.COLI LIVES IN INTESTINE, MAKES VIT K WHICH HELPS IN BLOOD CLOTTING | MUTUALISM |
| EX. BACTERIA NEISSERIA(CAUSES GONORHEA/MENINGITIS) | CAPNOPHILES |
| ONE BENEFITS AND THE OTHER SUFFERS | PARISITISM |
| ORGANISM DOESN'T NEED ANOTHER TO SURVIVE | NON-SYMBIOTIC |
| PATHOGEN BENEFITS AND HOST SUFFERS | PARISITISM |
| SEVERAL ORGANISMS WORKING TOGETHER TO MAKE SOMETHING THEY COULD NOT DO ALONE | SYNERGISM |
| SINUITIS/GERM DISEASES | MIXED INFECTIONS |
| ORGANISMS NOT WORKING TOGETHER/ DESTROYS OTHERS AROUND THEM | ANTAGONISM |
| ANIBIOTICS/ FORM OF ANTAGONISM/ MORE WATER AND FOOD AND SPACE TO GROW | ANTIBIOSIS |
| PROKARYOTES DIVIDE | BINARY FUSION |
| DOUBLING TIME/RATE AT WHICH BINARY FUSION OCCURS | GENERATION TIME |
| VERY LITTLE CELL DIVISION | GROWTH CURVE LAG PHASE |
| HUGE INCREASE OF CELL DIVISION | GROWTH CURVE EXPONENTIAL |
| CELL GROWTH/ CELL DEATH ARE EQUAL | GROWTH CURVE STATIONARY PHASE |
| MORE DEAD CELLS THAN DIVIDING CELLS | GROWTH CURVE DEATH PHASE |
| SMALL MOLECULES ADDED TOGETHER | ANABOLISM |
| LARGER MOLECULES BROKEN DOWN | CATABOLISM |
| REDUCES ENERGY OF ACTIVATION | ACTION OF ENZYMES |
| CHEMICAL CATALYSTS (CATALYSIS) FOR ANABOLISM/CATABOLISM | ENZYMES |
| HELP ENZYME TO BE @ OPTIMUM LEVEL (ZINC, IRON,COPPER) | CO-FACTORS |
| AA-OH H-AA = AA-AA H2O-> BUILDING A COMPLEX PRODUCT | DEHYDRATION REACTION |
| AA-AA + H2O @ BOND = AA-OH H-AA BREAKING DOWN A COMPLEX SUBSTANCE | HYDROLYSIS REACTION |
| ALL PROTEINS, OFTEN COMPLEX/ BINDING SITES (CO-FACTOR,SUBSTRATE, ALLOSTERIC) | ENZYMES |
| INHIBITOR BINDS IN SUBSTRATE ACTIVE SITE AND TURNS OFF ENZYME, BLOCKING REACTION | COMPETITIVE CONTROL |
| MOLECULE (PROTEIN) BINDS TO ALLOSTERIC SITE WHICH CHANGES THE SHAPE OF THE ACTIVE BINDING SITE (SUBSTRATE DOESN'T FIT) | ALLOSTERIC INHIBITION |
| AEROBIC RESPIRATION ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION FERMENTATION | (3)REACTIONS TO FORM ATP |
| ELECTRONS LOST/ ONLY GLYCOLYSIS OCCURS -> PYRURATE -> RESULTS IN EITHER ALCOHOL OR LACTIC ACID | FERMENTATION |
| DNA -> RNA -> PROTEIN (ENZYME) EXCESS PRODUCT SHUTS DOWN PROCESS SO ENZYME CAN NOT BE MADE ANYMORE | GENETIC CONTROL OF ENZYME SYNTHESIS |
| O2 IS THE FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR PRODUCES H2O | AEROBIC RESPIRATION |
| OTHER THAN O2; NO2,NO3 ELECTRONS ADDED TO MOLECULES | ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION |
| GLYCOLYSIS(ELECTRONS/ATP) INTERMEDIATE REACTION(ELECTRONS) KREB'S CYCLE(ELECTRONS/ATP) ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM(ELECTRONS CASHED IN RESULTING IN MORE ATP) | AEROBIC RESPIRATION & ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION |
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