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Immunity AP2
Quiz 1 JONES
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are 2 intrinsic defense systems that act both independently & cooperatively to provide resistance to disease? | Innate(nonspecific) defense system adaptive specific( defense system) |
| which defense system is always prepared, responds in minutes & has 2 lines of defense? | Innate (nonspecific)defense system |
| which defense system attacks a particular foreign substances,takes its time & provides the bodys third line of defense | adaptive(specific) defense system |
| what is the hallmark of the 2nd line of defense of the innate defense system | Inflammation |
| which line of defense in the innate defense system uses antimicrobial proteins,phagocytes & other cells to inhibit the invaders spread? | 2nd line of defense |
| the innate defense reduce the workload of the adaptive system how? | by preventing the entry & spread of microorganisms in the body |
| B-Cells | which produce the antibodies & clear away w/resolution of infection & the rest persist as the memory cells that can survive for years, or even a lifetime. Memory & Plasma cells |
| A lymphocyte is a type | of white blood cell, which helps fight viruses or bacteria that cause infection. Lymphocytes are moved throughout the lymphatic system in a clear fluid called lymph. |
| Innate(nonspecific)defense system | this system has 2 barricades 1st & 2nd line of defenses |
| Adaptive(or specific) defense system | k |
| First Line of Defense | first resistance faced by the infectious agent that tries to enter human body.Includes the layers of skin that have keratin & Mucous membrane in mouth & lungs one side & acidity of stomach on the other side, also help to maintain first line of defense. |
| Second line of defense: | micro organism succeeds in passing the first line and enters the deeper tissues. The infectious agent is then attacked by the specific cells of the body which may ingest or destroy the infectious outsider. The specific cells are known as phagocytes |
| Third line of defense: | phagocytes are not capable of destroying it & certain antibodies are produced. here is no chance for infectious agent to pass this line but in rare case when the infectious agent pass the third line we will give medicines to get rid of the disease. |
| Antibodies | Antibodies are the chemical substances that are capable of destroying the infection causing agents that enter the body. This will by the final step to destroy the infectious agent |
| B-Cell Plasma | WBC's which produce large volumes of antibodies. They are transported by the blood plasma & the lymphatic system. Like all blood cells, plasma cells ultimately originate in the bone marrow; |
| T-Cells | WBC's known as lymphocytes & play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. |
| Helper Tcells | provides help to other cells in the immune response by recognizing foreign antigens and secreting substances called cytokines that activate T and B cells. |
| Cytotoxic T Cell (Tc) | attack infected & cancerous cells |
| Suppressor (regulatory) T Cell | They close down the immune response after invading organisms are destroyed.release their own lymphokines after an immune response has achieved its goal. This signals all other immune-system participants to cease their attack. |
| Phagocytosis | process by which certain living cells called phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles. |
| Stages of Phagocytosis | 1.phago adheres to pathogen 2 form pseudopods that engulf particles 3lysosome fusion4.lysosomol enzymes digest particle leaving residual body 5.exocytosins of vesicle remove indigestable & residual material |
| Inflammation | Innate non-specific response of the body to tissue injury symptoms; redness,heat, swelling & pain |
| Inflammation function | prevents spread of damaging agents of nearby tissues 2 dispose of cell debris & tissue 3 sets the stage for repair |
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