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Bio 1010 Test III
Ch. 3 and Immune System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| T Cells are | White blood cells that mature in the Thymus. Are a type of lymphocytes |
| T Cells help | stimulate B Cells to produce antibodies |
| B Cells are | White Blood cells that mature in bone marrow |
| What produces antibodies during the adaptive immune response? | B Cells |
| Edward Jenner | Created the first smallpox vaccination by inoculating a boy with cowpox then reinoculating him with smallpox 6 weeks later |
| Skin | First line of defense. Largest Organ |
| Microphage | Cells that kill |
| Histamine | A molecule released by damaged tissue during a allergic reaction |
| Antigen | A specific molecule to which specific antibodies can bind, and against which an adaptive response in mounted |
| Antigen Receptors | A single B or T Cell has about 100,000 |
| Autoimmune Disease | Misdirected immune response where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells. |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis are examples of what disease? | Autoimmune Disease |
| Cell Theory | 1. All organisms are composed of at least one of more cells. 2. Cell are the basic unit of life. 3. Cells can only arise out of previous existing cells. |
| Small, single cell, NO NUCLEUS, one circular DNA molecule | Prokaryotic Cell |
| Eukaryotic Cell | Larger, more complex than prokaryotic cells, HAVE NUCLEUS, and other organelles. |
| Spheres, rod, Spiral | 3 common bacteria shapes |
| Virus | Segments of DNA coated in protein. Can't reproduce on their own |
| Innate Immunity | Present from birth, general immunity |
| Acquired Immunity | Specific immunity, develops throughout life |
| What destroys infected cells? | Macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer cells |
| AIDS | Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |
| What causes AIDS? | HIV that is transmitted by sexual intercourse |
| What country has the highest number of AIDS cases? | Africa |
| HIV | Infects only certain cells |
| HIV first attacks | Macrophages- HIV recognizes surface markers on macrophages called CD4 (HIV protein spikes called gp120, attach to CD4 and enable HIV to attach to the macrophage |
| HIV multiplies in macrophages but doesn't ______ them | kill |
| What binds to and helps destroy helper T Cells | HIV |
| What leads to AIDS | HIV |
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