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Living Things
Ms. Slater Grade 7 Science Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell | the basic unit of all living things; building blocks of life |
| organism | a living thing (ex. you!) |
| biology | the study of life (bio means "life"; ology means the "study of") |
| life processes | everything needed for groups of organisms to survive. |
| growing (life process) | increase in the size and number of cells |
| response to surroundings (life process) | reacting to what's going on around you |
| obtaining energy (life process) | food for cells |
| releasing and using energy (life process) | oxygen combines with food to release energy and heat |
| releasing wastes (life process) | removing gases, liquids, and solids from the body |
| producing new organisms (life process) | reproduction, making more of the same kind (ex. rabbits produce more rabbits) |
| chromosomes (plant cell) | threadlike parts in the nucleus |
| nucleus (plant cell) | control center of the cell |
| cell membrane (plant cell) | thin structure that surrounds the cell and controls what goes in and out of the cell. |
| cytoplasm (plant cell) | jellylike substance that surrounds the nucleus |
| vacuole (plant cell) | food storage for the cell |
| organelles (plant cell) | small structures in the cytoplasm which help to keep the cell alive. |
| cell wall (plant cell) | thick wall that gives the cell structure |
| chloroplasts (plant cell) | hold chlorophyl |
| animal cell | has 6 parts. same parts as the plant cell, except the animal cell has no chloroplasts or cell wall |
| chlorophyll | a green chemical used in photosynthesis |
| photosynthesis | the food-making process by green plants where sunlight, carbon dioxide and water combine to make sugar (photosynthesis takes place in the green leaves.) |
| diffusion | molecules move from a high concentration to a low concentration |
| mitosis | cell division/nuclear division to make new body cells (each new cell receives a copy of the original chromosomes). |
| interphase | before mitosis begins: material being copied |
| prophase | centrioles to opposite sides of cell. spindles form. |
| metaphase | chromatids line up at the equator of the cell |
| anaphase | lack chromosome; goes to opposite sides of cell |
| telophase | two new daughter cells are formed; each has a nucleus |
| chromatids | identical chromosome copies (in new cells) |
| classification | a system of grouping things that are alike in some way. (classification is always open to growth and change) |
| taxonomy | the science of identifying, classifying, and naming living things |
| Early classification system | probably classified by whether helpful, harmful, or neither. |
| 1700's-Swedish Scientist | Carolus Linnaeus made up the genus and species classification system we use today. (binomial nomenclature). |
| System of classification used today | "New Latin"-a combination of Latin and Greek words. No matter what language scientists speak or write, they all can understand the classification names of the one language, "New Latin". |
| How many classification levels? | Seven kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
| Kingdom | largest classification of living things...the six major kingdoms are plants, animals, fungi, protists, eubacteria, archaebacteria |
| division | for plants only |
| phylum | is the largest group of the animal kingdom |
| species | fewest organisms, more characteristics in common |
| Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species regarding MAN | Kingdom:Animalia (animal); Phylum Chordata (has a backbone); Class: Mammalia (nurses young); Order: Primate (stands erect, fingers); Family: Hominidae (special brain); Genus: Homo (long life span); Species: Sapiens (high forehead, thin skull bones) |
| binomial nomenclature | two-part naming system of classification...genus and species for each organism. The genus always starts with a capital letter, the species starts with a lower case letter. Ex: man Homo sapiens |
| monerans | eubacteria and archaebacteria are sometimes known as this one kingdom |
| Animals (animalia) organism of the six kingdoms | multicellular (many cells). can't make own food. obtain energy from eating living things or once living things, move from place to place |
| plants (plantae) organism of the six kingdoms | multicellular, make own food, can't move on their own, have chloroplasts and cell wall |
| fungi (fungus is singular) organism of the six kingdoms | Usually multicellular, simple non-green plants which break down substances in their environment and absorb the nutrients. No chlorophyl! Can't make their own food, reproduce by spores, can't move from place to place. |
| most common fungi | mildew, mold, mushrooms (the 3 m's) |
| Beneficial fungi (good) | decompose plant and animal matter, flavors foods like cheese. Yeast makes bread rise |
| Harmful bacteria | destroy plants and crops, bring ringworm or athletes foot, spoil foods, spoil clothing and other items. poisonous mushrooms can cause illness or death. |
| protists (protists) organism of the six kingdoms | most are unicellular organisms (plantlike protists are algae, animal-like protists are protozoans. Most protists are microscopic and live in water. |
| fungus-like protists | slime molds and water molds |
| multicellular protist | giant kelp-a type of seaweed in the ocean |
| animal-like protist | amebas, parameciums |
| plant-like protist | diatoms |
| animal-like and plant-like protist | eugiena is animal like because it can move, and plant like because it can make its own food. |
| eubacteria | single-celled organisms without a nucleus; are microscopic-THE MOST COMMON BACTERIA (some harmful/some harmless) |
| Bacteria | most bacteria is harmless! bacteria are classified by shape; reproduce by dividing. ALL BACTERIA HAVE NO NUCLEUS |
| Three major harmful bacteria | spirella=spiral shaped cocci=sphere-shaped (round) bacilli=rod shaped |
| Examples of harmful bacteria working | strep throat, infected cuts, E-coli and botulism )forms of food poisoning); some pneumonia; sinus infection; decaying fruits and vegetables |
| Examples of beneficial bacteria working | help decompose dead animals and plants, used to help make cheese (by fermentation), dead or weakened bacteria are used to make vaccines to prevent certain diseases; in the intestines to help in digestion. |
| archaebacteria | thrive in extreme environments (live where most organisms could not survive, such as hot springs in Yellow National Park. Have no nucleus |
| prokaryotes | organisms without a nucleus (BACTERIA!) |
| eukaryote (eukaryotic cell) | a complex cell with a nucleus |
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