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GenralBio1 Chap6,7,8
6:Tour Of The Cell, 7: Membrane Stucture & Function, 8:An Intro to E &Metabolism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What environmental factors can affect the activity of an enzyme? | PH Temperature |
| How does ATP hydrolysis drive mechanical and transport work in the cell? | Mechanical- contraction of the muscles and movement of cilia and flagella Transport- pushing substances across membranes |
| How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions? | Enzymes speed up chemical reaction by lowering activation energy barrier |
| How does a noncompetitive inhibitor work? | Binds to another part of an enzyme, causing the enzyme to change shape and making the active site less effective |
| What is the difference between anabolic & catabolic pathways? | Catabolic- "down hill reactions" break down complex molecules into smaller molecules Anabolic "up hill reactions" building large molecules from small molecules |
| What is the difference in spontaneous & non-spontaneous reactions? | Spontaneous - process that occurs without energy input Non-spontaneous- only occur if energy is present |
| What is the difference between an endergonic & an exergonic reactions in term of Delta G? | Exergonic- Proceeds w/ a net release of free energy is spontaneous DeltaG<0 Endergonic- absorbs free energy from its surroundings & is non-spontaneous DeltaG>0 |
| Explain 1st & 2nd laws of thermodynamics. Give Examples | 1st energy can be transferred & transformed but it cannot be created or destroyed EX a tiger eating a rabbit 2nd every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe EX running |
| Are living organisms considered open systems? | Yes |
| Difference between potential and Kinetic energy | Kinetic energy- is energy associated with motion Potential energy- energy that matter processes because of its location or structure. |
| Are peripheral proteins embedded in the plasma membrane? | They're bound to the surgace of the membrane |
| What is aquaporin? | Channel proteins that facilitate the passage of water |
| What is the function of sodium-potassium pump? Does it require ATP? | Active transport; sets up a voltage across membrane (moving charged substances in a different concentrations) Yes |
| What is plasmolysis? | When the membrane pulls away from the wall |
| What happens to plant cells in hypotonic & hypertonic solutions? | Plant cells in hypotonic solution is normal. Plant cells in hypertonic solution is losing water. Called plasmolyzed |
| Which inter-cellular junction in animal cells (Desmososomes, tight & gap junctions)is most similar to plasmodesmata in plant cells | Gap Junctions (communicating junctions) |
| What is the function of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments? | Microtubles: Thickest; maintain cell shape, cell motility Microfilaments- thinnest; frives muscle contractions Intermediate filaments; fix organelles in place |
| What is a centrosome? | Centrosomes- microtubal organizing center. |
| What is the difference between bound and free ribosomes in terms of their function? | Free ribosomes- are in cytosol; make protein inside the cell Bound ribosomes- found in Rough ER; make proteins that leave the cell |
| Which organelles in a cell contain their own DNA & proteins besides the nucleus? | Mitochondria & choloroplasts |
| What are functions of these organelles: Lysosome, Mitochondria, Chloroplast. | Lysomes- can digest macromolecules Mitochondria- a metabolic process that generates ATP Chloroplasts- found in plants & algae & are the sites of photosynthesis |
| What are the functions of these organelles: Central Vacuole, Peroxisome, Ribosomes. | Central Vacuole- hold organic compounds & water Ribosomes- carry out protein synthesis Peroxisomes- produce hydrogen peroxide convert to water |
| 2 Functions of the Smooth ER | -Synthesizes lipids -Metabolizes carbohydrates -Detoxifies poison -Stores calcium |
| What are the components of the endomembrane system and their functions? | -Nuclear Envelope -Endoplasmic reticulum -Golgi Apparatus -Lysosomes -Vacuoles -Plasma Membrane |
| What organelles/structures are unique to plants? | -Cell Wall -Chloroplast -Large Central Vacuole -plasmodesmata |
| What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? | Prokaryotic -no nucleus -free floating DNA -smaller -no membrane enclosed organelle -Domains Archae & Bacteria Eukaryotic -Nucleus w/ DNA -Larger -Membrane enclosed organelle -plant, fungi & animal |
| What characteristics do all cells share? | - Plasma membrane -semi-fluid substance (cytosol) -chromosomes -ribosomes |
| What is a cell fraction used for? | Takes cells apart & separates the major organelles from one another |
| Difference between light, scanning electron, & transmission microscope? | Light- visible light passes through a specimen& then through glass lenses which magnify the image Scanning electron- focus a beam of electrons through a specimen providing 3D Transmission- focus a beam of electrons through a specimen |
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Jellybean227
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