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Medsci 142 -
digestive system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe enamel | Crystall rods/prisms of calcium. No cells. It is the hardest tissue and there is no sensation |
| Descrube Dentine | Similar to bone. But cells (odontoblasts) occur in the nearby pulp instead of scattered through the dentine |
| Describe Pulp | Soft tissue. Contains blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics |
| Describe Cementum | Calcified connective tissue covering the root |
| Describe the periodontal ligament | It is collagen fibres linking the bone of the socket (alveolar bone) to the cementum. There is a rapid turnoverq |
| What are the three types of muscle that are in the tongue? | vertical, transverse, and longitudional |
| Where does the fungiform occur? | on the tips and sides of the tongue |
| Does the filiform contain tastebuds? | no |
| What are the three salivary glands | parotid (serous) sublingual (mucus) and submandibular (mixed) |
| What does saliva consist of? | water, mucus and enzymes |
| What are the enzymes that are present in saliva and what do they do? | AMYLASE - breaks down starchy debris around teeth. LYSOZMYE is antibacterial. |
| What is mesentry? | Fan-shaped folds of the peritoneum bind the small intestine to the abdominal wall. Extends from the abdominal wall, wraps around the intstine to form a double layered structure. Between the 2 layers are blood and lymphatic vessels as well as lymph nodes. |
| What are the four ways of increasing the surface area of the gut? | -circular folds - finger-like projections - simple tubular glands - convolutions |
| What are the three functions of the oesophagus? | TRANSPORT (5sec for food, 1 sec for liquids) PROTECTION. (note that there is no absorption, little secretion and no digestion) |
| Name some features of the oesophagus | its 25 cm long. posterior to the trachea. very smooth. normally empty. has stratified squamous epithelium. the lumen close by longitudional folds. goes from the pharynx to the stomach |
| What are the four layers of the gut? | Mucous membrane, Submucosa, External smooth muscle and the serosa |
| Describe the mucous membrane | consists of EPITHELIUM (specialised for their function) LAMINA PROPRIA (soft fibrous bed of connective tissue) and MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE (2 layers of smooth muscle) |
| Describe the submucosa | Its a thick bed of connective tissue that carries larger blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. connects the mucosa to external smooth muscle, but allows some movement between the two |
| Describe the external smooth muscle | In two layers to produce peristalsis (inner circular layer and the outer longitudional muscle) myenteric nerve plexus in between hte two layers |
| describe the serosa | slippery outer covering for the gut tube (except the oesophagus). Its two layered with the outer mesothelium sitting on a bed of connective tissue |
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fbk0371
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