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Blood AP2
Quiz 1 JONES
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Blood pH | 7.35-7.45 |
| whats composition of whole blood | Plasma-50% BuffyCoat-<1% Erythrocytes-45% of whole blood |
| Components of Plasma | Water, Plasma Solutes |
| Plasma Solutes | Nutrients, Gases, Hormones, Wastes, Proteins |
| Formed Elements | Erythrocytes(transport gas), Leukocytes(protection), Platelets( essential for life) |
| Hemocrit | percentage of total blood volume occupied by erythrocytes |
| Structure of Red Blood Cells | no nucleus so as to allow pack more Hb to allow more oxygen to be bind. Circular biconcave disc which is thinner in the central to increase the surface area to volume ration such that it allows rapid diffusion.7.5mm |
| Oxygen carrying structure of RBC | Hemoglobin is molecule responsible for the oxygen carrying capacity. |
| Oxyhemoglobin | hemoglobin that contains bound O2, compound formed from hemoglobin on exposure to alveolar gas in the lungs. |
| Deoxyhemoglobin | Hemoglobin not combined with oxygen, formed when oxyhemoglobin releases its oxygen to the tissues. |
| Carbaminohemoglobin | a compound of hemoglobin & carbon dioxide & is one of the forms in which carbon dioxide exists in the blood. |
| Erythropoesis | RBC production.Its stimulated by decreased O2 in circulation, which is detected by the kidneys, which then secrete the hormone erythropoietin. |
| Erythropoietin | a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis.It is a cytokine for erythrocyte (red blood cell) precursors in the bone marrow. |
| Anememia | deficiency of circulating red blood cells or low hemoglobin levels. Vitamin & Iron deficiency |
| Leukocytes | WBC cells of the immune system involved in defending the body against both infectious disease and foreign materials. 5 kinds |
| Granulocytes | white blood cells characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. 3 kinds Basophil, Neutrophil,Easonophil |
| Neutrophil | "first responders" most abundant type of phagocyte, constituting 50% to 60% found in the bloodstream.do not return to the blood; they turn into pus cells & die.professional phagocytes[9]: they are ferocious eaters. |
| Eosinophil | have lobed nuclei & tendency to degranulate while in the blood stream & play a crucial part in the killing of parasites because their granules contain a unique, toxic basic protein & cationic protein receptors.2-4% |
| Basophil | Least abundant, infection occurs mature basophils r released from bone marrow & travel to infection When basophils are injured they will release histamine; this contributes to the inflammatory response that helps fight invading organisms. .5-1% |
| Agranulocyte | white blood cells characterized by the absence of granules in their cytoplasm. |
| Lymphocytes | three major types of lymphocyte are T cells, B cells and natural killer (NK) cells.include the"natural killer T-cells |
| Monocytes | share the "vacuum cleaner" (phagocytosis) function of neutrophils;they present pieces of pathogens to T cells so that the pathogens may be recognized again and killed,also known as macrophages after they migrate from the bloodstream and enter tissue. |
| NK Cells | NK cells are part of innate immune system & play a major role in defending the host from tumors & viral infected cells.Activated NK cells release cytotoxic (cell-killing) granules which then destroy the altered cells |
| T Cells | cellular components of adaptive immune response.involved in cell-mediated immunity & produce cytokines that direct the immune response while cytotoxic T cells, produce toxic granules that contain powerful enzymes induce death of pathogen infected cells MC |
| B Cells | major cellular components of the adaptive immune response.B cells is to recognize specific“non-self” antigens, respond to pathogens by producing large quantities of antibodies which then neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses. MC |
| The ability of leukocytes to move in & out of blood vessels in order to reach sites of inflammation or tissue danage | Diapedesis |
| Hemostasis | a process which causes bleeding to stop;keep blood within a damaged blood vessel; Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation,coagulation |
| Vascular Spasm | damaged blood cells respond by constricting (vasoconstriction)immediate response to blood vessel injury |
| Platelet Plug Formation | Platelets aggregate (sticking together)forming a plug that temporarily seals the break in vessel wall.. |
| Coagulation | (blood clotting)reinforce the platelet w/fibrin threads that acts as a molecular glue for the aggregated platelets |
| Erythroblastosis | presence of immature red blood cells in the bloodstream that occurs especially in erythroblastosis fetalis |
| Receives Lymph from most of body | Thoracic duct |
| stores platelets | spleen |
| Small organs intimately associated with Lymphatic vessels | Lymph nodes |
| First Line of defense | skin & mucous membranes |
| Second line of defense | Inflammatory response |
| Third line of defense | Immune response |
| Non-Specific Defense System | Inflammatory response & skin & mucous membranes |
| Specific Defense System | Immune response |
| Isolated clusters of Lymph follicles found in the wall of small intestines | Peyers patch |
| Protein containing fluid within the lymphatic vessels | Lymph |
| Lymphatic____are formed from the union of the largest collecting vessels. | trunks |
| Lymph nodes have more_____lymphatic vessels than _____lymphatic vessels | afferent;efferent |
| The largest Lymph vessels are called | Ducts |
| what is the non living fluid matrix portion of blood | Plasma |
| whats the technical name for a blood clot | Thrombus |
| what type of tissue is blood? | connective tissue |
| how many liters of blood are contained in the circulatory system of average adult | 5.5liters |
| Whats the least common blood type in white, black & Asians? | AB |
| whole blood is composed of plasma &____? | formed elements |
| This is a form of hemoglobin that results after oxygen diffuses into blood | Deoxyhemoglobin |
| This type of leukocyte is present in in high amts in the blood when a patient has a parasitic infection | Eosinophil |
| No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in: | Monocytes |
| Brooklynns blood was determined to be AB positive. What does that mean? | There are no antibodies to A,to B, or to RH antigens in the plasma |
| Which is a precursor of a Basophil? | Myeloblast |
| Sickling of RBC can be produced in those with sickle cell anemia by: | travel to high altitude or perform vigorous exercise |
| what test is used when anemia is suspected? | Hematocrit |
| An insoluable compound thats forms a meshwork of strands that trap RBC's & is therefore, considered the structural basis of clot formation | Fibrin |
| Another name for proteins in plasma known as agglutinins | Antibodies & cause clotting/congeal |
| the process whereby Neutrophils & other WBC's are attracted to the inflammatory site is called: | Chemotaxis |
| B Lymphocyte develop immunocoptence in the: | Bone Marrow |
| what is a regulatory function of blood | delivery of oxygen to body cells |
| what is not a phase of Erythropoesis | increased issue demand for oxygen |
| as red blood cells age | membranes wear out & cells become damaged |
| a lack of intrinsic factor, leading to defiency of B12 & large pale cells called macrocytes, is a charecteristic of | pernicious anemia |
| what is not a phase of hemostasis | fibrinolysis |
| The rarest Leukocyte is_____ | basophil |
| Special type of hemoglobin present in in fetal RBC is | hemoglobin F |
| The universal recipient blood type is_______ | AB |
| hemoglobin consists of______polypeptide chains. | four |
| The formed element________can kill parasites. | Eosinophil |
| When monocytes migrate to interstitial spaces they are called_____ | macrophages |
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