Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BKB Nursing 1 Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Wounds are classified based on: | Drainage/Exudate |
| The four types of dranage/exudate are: | Serous, sanguinous, serosanguinous, and purulent |
| Serous fluid is: | Clear to light yellow fluid. |
| Sanguinous fluid is: | Bloody fluid. |
| Serosanguinous fluid is: | Combination of the clear/light yellow and bloody fluids resulting in fluid from light pink to red. |
| Purulent fluid is: | Thick off color drainage, indicates an infection is present. |
| The phases of wound healing are: | Hemostasis (initially), Inflamatory (4-6 days), Proliferation/regenerative (several weeks), and Remodeling/Maturation (3 weeks to 2 years) |
| What occurs during the hemostasis phase? | 1. Constriction of blood vessels; 2. clotting through platelet action; 3. After a short time, dilation of blood vessels to release exudate; 4. Swelling, pain, heat, redness, scab may form. |
| What occurs during the inflammatory phase? | 1. Inflammation, edema, erythema, heat, pain, mild fever, elevated WBC, malaise (lethargic); 2. Histamine release: improves blood flow for healing; 3. Leukocytes, macrophages clean the wound bed; 4. Fibroblasts form connective tissue. |
| What occurs during the Proliferation/regenerative phase? | 1. Angiogenesis: development of new blood vessels; 2. Granulation; 3. Connective tissue fills in; 4. Collagen fills the wound bed. |
| What is Granulation? | The bright red healthy tissue at the base of a wound. |
| What occurs during the Remodeling/Maturation phase? | 1. Final stage of healing; 2. Scar will not achieve maximum strength for up to 2 years (Max 80%); 3. Reorganization of collagen fibers, maturation of the tissue; 4. Risk of breakdown remains. |
| What is a Primary intention? | A surgical closure. |
| What is a Secondary intention? | Wound healing without suturing, etc. Takes longer to recover. |
| What is a Tertiary intention? | A 3 - 5 day delay prior to a primary closure. |
| Describe a Stage I pressure ulser. | Nonblancheable erythema, intact skin. |
| Describe a Stage II pressure ulser. | Partial thickness skin loss. Skin open. (abrasion, blister, shallow crater) |
| Describe a Stage III pressure ulser. | Full thickness skin loss extending possibly to underlying fascia. Can measure the depth. |
| Describe a Stage IV pressure ulser. | Full thickness damage to muscle, bone, or other deep tissue. Does not recover well. Often gets infected and can be fatal from sepsis. |
| If a wound is to become infected, when is it likely to occur? | 36 to 48 hours |
| What is a fistula? | An abnormal passage (tunnel) between two internal organs or an organ and the external surface. |
| What often causes a fistula? | An infection. |
| What is Dehiscence? | Partial or total separation of wound edges. |
| What is Evisceration? | The protrusion of an internal organ through the incision. (Protruding through the skin) |
| What factors does the braden scale assess? | 1.Sensory Perception; 2.Moisture; 3.Activity; 4.Mobility; 5.Nutrition; 6.Friction and Shear. |
| What 8 categories do you need to assess for a wound? | 1.Location; 2.Size; 3.Color of wound bed; 4.Surrounding skin; 5.Drainage; 6.Temperature of wound and surrounding skin; 7.pain; 8.Wound closures |
| What are 5 common types of drains? | Penrose; T-tube; Jackson-Pratt; Hemovac; Gauze |
| What is the purpose of a Penrose drain? | Provides sinus tract |
| What is the purpose of a T-tube drain? | Bile drainage |
| What is the purpose of a Jackson-Pratt drain? | Decrease dead space by collecting drainage. |
| What is the purpose of a Hemovac drain? | Decrease dead space by collecting drainage. |
| What is the purpose of a Gauze drain? | Allow healing from the base of the wound.` |
| What are three pain producing substances? | Histamine, Serotonin, Bradykinin |
| How long should you apply heat therapy? | 20 - 30 minutes |
| How long should you apply cold therapy? | Until the area reaches 15 degrees centigrade (60 degrees fahrenheit) |
| Define Generic Name for a drug: | The original designation that a drug is given when the drug company that developed it applies for the approval process. |
| Define Brand Name for a drug: | The name that is given to a drug by the pharmaceutical company that developed it. Also called the Trade Name. |
| Define Orphan drugs: | Drugs that have been discovered but would not be profitable for a drug company to develop. |
| What is a Phase I study? | A piolot study of a potential drug done with a small number of selected, healthy human volunteers. |
| What is a Phase II study? | A clinical study of a proposed drug by selected physicians using actual patients who have the disorder the drug is designed to treat; patients must provide informed concent. |
| What is a Phase III study? | The use of a proposed drug on a wide scale in the clinical setting with patients who have the disease the drug is thought to treat. |
| What is a Phase IV study? | Continual evaluation of a drug after it has been released for marketing. |
| What is a Preclinical trial? | An initial trial of a chemical thought to have theraputic potential; Uses laboratory animals, not human subjects. |
| What is Teratogenic? | Having adverse effects on the fetus. |
| List the 6 classes of nutrients. | 1.Carbohydrate; 2.Protien; 3.Fat; 4.Vitamins; 5.Minerals; 6.Water |
| What are normal levels for Hemoglobin? | 12 - 18 g/dL |
| What are normal levee for hematocrit? | 40% - 50% |
| What are normal levels for Serum Albumin? | 3.5 - 5.5 g/dL |
| What are normal levels for Prealbumin? | 23 - 43 mg/dL |
| What are normal levels for Transferrin? | 240 - 480 mg/dL |
| What are normal levels for Blood urea nitrogen? | 17 - 18 mg/dL |
| What are normal levels for Creatinine? | 0.4 - 1.5 mg/dL |
| A decrease in Hemoglobin indicates what? | Anemia |
| A decrease in Hematocrit indicates what? | Anemia |
| An increase in Hematocrit levels indicates what? | Dehydration |
| An decrease in Serum Albumin levels indicates what? | Malnutrition (prolonged protien depletion), Malabsorption |
| An decrease in Prealbumin levels indicates what? | Protien depletion, malnutrition |
| An decrease in Transferrin levels indicates what? | Anemia, protien deficiency |
| An decrease in Blood Urea Nitrogen levels indicates what? | Malnutrition, overhydration |
| An increase in Blood Urea Nitrogen levels indicates what? | Starvation, High protien intake, Severe dehydration |
| An decrease in Creatinine levels indicates what? | Reduction in total muscle mass, Severe malnutrition |
| An increase in Creatinine levels indicates what? | Dehydration |
| The six nutrients needed for health are: | Carbohydrate, fats, water, protien, vitamins, & minerals |
| Define Metabolism: | The process by which the body uses nutrients absorbed in the blood after digestion. |
| Define Anabolism: | Nutrients used to build cells or tissue. |
| Define Catabolism: | The tissue is broken down & nutrients are deficient. |
Created by:
brian.belson
Popular Nursing sets