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Skeletal System I
The Skeletal System I: Bones p. 61-65
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Long Bones | shaft & enlarged ends example: leg bones & arm bones |
| Short Bones | blocky in shape & structure example: carpals & tarsals |
| Flat Bones | flat example: cranium, ribs, clavicle, scapula, sternum, hip bones (largest; where most of our blood cells are made) |
| Irregular Bones | others; everything else example: face bones, cheek bones, jaw, vertebra, xyphoid process |
| Diaphysis | shaft; made mostly of compact bone |
| Compact Bone | has a central canal with rings of cells |
| Medullary Cavity | contains endosteum & yellow bone marrow |
| Yellow Bone Marrow | store fats |
| Epiphysis | mostly spongy bone |
| Spongy Bone | more beneficial where bones are coming into contact; mostly myeloid tissue |
| Red Bone Marrow (myeloid tissue) | makes blood cells; stem cells (unspecialized) |
| Periosteum | fairly thick membrane o the outside of the bone |
| Articular Cartilage | cartilage cap that we have over the epyphysis if the bone forms a joint with antoher bone |
| Osteons (Haversian Systems) | group of cells surrounding one central canal |
| Haversian Canal | cental canal; microscopic opening containing neurons & capillaries |
| Osteocyte | general term for bone cells |
| Lacuane | space where we find osteocyte |
| Canaliculi | connects all the lacunae which all feedback to the central nervous system; delivery system |
| Endochondral Ossification | process used to make a long bone |
| Endochondral | process that occurs into/within cartilage |
| Ossification | harden or become rock like; depositing of minerals |
| Osteoblasts | bone cells that add calcium to the bone (taking from body fluids) |
| Primary Ossification Center | area in the diaphysis where calcium is being deposited |
| Secondary Ossification Center | at lease 2 found in the epiphysis, one for each structure found at the ends |
| Epiphyseal Plate | growth plate; cartilage between primary & secondary centers; last areas where calcium will be deposited; once changed into bone, growing is complete |
| Remodeling/Repair of bones | why? amount of calcium in body fluids kept in homeostasis how? osteoblasts responsible for adding & osteoclasts responsible for taking |
| Osteoclasts | have the ability to dissolve bone and remove calcium |
| Functions of Bones | support, protection, movement, hematopoiesis, storage |
| Support | rigid framework to support the body |
| Protection | lungs, brain, heart, spine surrounded by a case of bones |
| Movement | connected in was that allow movement as well as connected to muscles which provide the force for movment |
| Hematopoiesis | making blood cells |
| Storage | calcium & other minerals, fat- yellow marrow |
Created by:
bco
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