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Tissues p. 37-46
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tissue | a group of cells that are organized and work together to perform a function |
| Histology | study of tissues |
| Epithelial Tissue | cells; always found on the exposed surface inner & outer exposed surfaces |
| Connective Tissue | cells & stuff around the cells; made up of cells that are separated by matrix |
| Matrix | liquid- solid & almost anything in between |
| Muscle Tissue | cells; all muscle cells contain 2 proteins, actin & myacin which give them the ability to contract |
| Nervous Tissue | cells; 2 main areas- central nervous system (brain & spine) and peripheral nervous system (nerves-mostly) |
| Stratified | more than one layer |
| Basement Membrane | found at the bottom of the epithelial layer |
| Simple | only 1 layer of cells |
| Pseudostratified | false layers; 1 layer with nuclei at different levels |
| Squamous | fairly thin and broad (fish scale shape) |
| Cuboidal | same height and width |
| Columnar | column shaped, taller than they are wide |
| Transitional | change shape when pulled |
| Glandular | makes something & secretes it |
| Simple Squamous Epithelium | location: capillaries, alveoli function: being very thin allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse through very rapidly |
| Simple Cuboidal Epithelium | location: sweat glands, pancreas, mammary function: make & secrete (sweat, insulin, milk) |
| Simple Columnar Epithelium | location: inner lining of digestive tract including inside of stomach & intestines function: protection, absorption |
| Mucous | protects stomach & intestines |
| Microvilli | thicker than cilia; absorb nutrients |
| Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium | structure: cilia, goblet cells, nuclei at different levels location: upper respiratory, nasal cavity, trachea function: helps moisten air we inhale, traps dust & bacteria, cilia moves mucous toward throat, protects the lungs |
| Stratified Squamous Epithelium | structure: dead cells, dying cells, living cells (cuboidal) location: skin, mouth, throat, esophagus, rectum, vagina function: protection from from friction |
| Transitional Epithelium | structure: stratified, changes shape location: urinary bladder, ureters, urethra function: allow epithelium to stretch |
| Glandular Epithelium | structure: usually lined with simple squamous epithelium location: glands function: produce & secrete |
| Matrix | unique to connective tissue, material found between cells |
| Collagen | protein, long fiber, provides strength, the most common protein in our body |
| Elastin | protein, shorter than collagen, provides the ability to stretch and return to it's original shape "elastic" |
| Adipose Tissue | never go through mitosis; cells called adipocytes; matrix is gel-like in consistency; located under the skin and covering many of our organs; function-storing fat (lipids) as oil, insulation, cushion some organs (heart, kidneys), protection |
| Fibrous Connective Tissue/Dense Connective Tissue/Regular Connective Tissue | cells called fibroblasts which make the matrix; matrix is mostly collagen with a little elastin (definite direction); located in tendons, ligaments, scars & dermis |
| Cartilage | cells (chondrocytes) found in fluid filled spaces; matrix is collagen and elastin (going in all directions); located in ears, nose, ribs to sternum, between each vertebrae in our back & the ends of long bones; function as flexible framework & protection |
| Lacuna | fluid filled spaces where we find chodrocytes |
| Bone | structure: central canal, canaliculi, lacunae; cells: osteocytes; matrix: minerals small amounts of collagen & elastin; location: bones; function: storage, protection, rigid framework & movemnet |
| Blood | cells: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets; matrix: plasma; location: blood; function: red blood cells deliver oxygen, white blood cells protect, platelets stop bleeding, transportation |
| Red Blood Cells | most common and most numerous blood cell, no nucleus; erythrocyte; deliver oxygen |
| White Blood Cells | largest blood cell, 5 types, 2-3 times larger than red blood cells, has a nucleus; leukocyte; protection |
| Platelets | blood cells found generally in clusters; thrombocytes (small fragments); stopping bleeding, transportation |
| Striated | striped |
| Smooth | not striped |
| Voluntary | voluntary |
| Involuntary | automatically controlled; controlled by nervous system, but not consciously |
| Skeletal Muscle Tissue | structure: contain actin & myacin, attached to bone, striated, cells are long, tube-like shape), multiple nuclei, same direction; location: skeletal muscles; function: ability to contract, used to move the skeleton, posture, produce most of our body heat |
| Cardiac Muscle Tissue | structure: striated, intercalated disks where muscle cells meet (communication not connection, branched, forked one nucleus; location: heart; function: create pressure so that it can pump blood |
| Smooth Muscle Tissue | structure: tapered cells, smallest of muscle cells, smooth, involuntary, has 1 nucleus; location: esophagus, stomach, intestines, digestive tract, walls of blood vessels, sphincters; function: push food through & help mix with secretions, gate keepers |
| Central | brain & spine |
| Peripheral | nerves, connections between organs and brain & spine |
| Neuron | cell that can carry nerve impulses (signals), large cell body usually with projections that either gather information or carry a signal |
| Neuroglial cell | brain, spine & nerves, cells in central nervous system that do not carry impulses |
| Brain Functions | storing, processing & analyzing information both consciously & unconsciously, makes decisions |
| Spine Functions | reflexes |
| Nerve Functions | allow communication between central nervous system and body organs |
Created by:
bco
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