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Chemistry p. 13-16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atoms | the smallest particle of an element, always have same number of protons & electrons, no charge |
| Subatomic Particle | pieces of an atom |
| Proton | found in the nucleus, charge of +1, weight of 1, number of protons identifies the atom |
| Neutron | neutral, no charge, found in the nucleus, weight of 1, make nucleus stable, keep protons from repelling one another |
| Electron | smallest of particles, located in shells around the nucleus, constantly moving throughout those shells, charge of -1, outer shell electrons react (involved in chemical reactions) |
| Ions | atoms that have lost or gained electrons, always have a charge, charge will tell you if they have lost or gained electrons |
| Cation | ions that are formed when we lose an electron, have more protons than electrons, positive charge |
| Anion | ions that are formed when we gain an electron, have more electrons than protons, negative charge |
| Elements | pure substances made up of identical atoms |
| Elements in the Body | Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Potassium, Sodium, Calcium & Chloride |
| H | Hydrogen |
| O | Oxygen |
| C | Carbon |
| N | Nitrogen |
| K+1 | Potassium |
| Na+1 | Sodium |
| Ca+2 | Calcium |
| Cl-1 | Chloride |
| Molecules | 2 or more atoms that are bonded together |
| Compound | pure substance containing identical molecules |
| Carbohydrate | most important one is glucose, stored as polysaccharides, animals store it as glycogen, plants make starch |
| Glucose | what our bodies use for energy |
| Polysaccharides | long chains of glucose |
| Proteins | long chains of amino acids, 20 different amino acids, fold into a very specific shape that is essential to it's function |
| Lipids | organic molecules made by living things that dissolve poorly in water, liquid form=oils & fats |
| Cholesterol | hormones made from cholesterol are steroids (also a lipid) |
| Triglyceride | most common fat in our diet |
| Nucleic Acids | 2 main categories, mRNA & DNA |
| mRNA | messenger RNA, a copy of one gene |
| DNA | double stranded, found in almost every cell in our body- in the nucleus, every cell has identical DNA, it contains all of your genes, each gene has the code for 1 protein |
| Inorganic Compounds in the Body | mostly contain some carbon, but not always made by living things |
| Water | most common and most important inorganic compound in our body; universal solvent |
| Solutions | mixture of different chemicals, always fluids (gas or liquid) |
| Solvent | liquid used to dissolve other things |
| Solute | material that is being dissolved |
| Hypertonic | higher concentrations of solute |
| Hypotonic | lower concentration of solute |
| Isotonic | 2 solutions that have the same total concentration of solute |
| pH scale | is a way of measuring the concentration of Hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution, range of 0-14 |
| aqueous | water is the solvent |
| Acids | pH less than 7, low concentration of hydroxide |
| Bases | pH greater than 7, high concentration of hydroxide |
Created by:
bco
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