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trever krueger's
chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Trever | Krueger |
| cell theory | states that all living things are made of one or more cells, the cell is the smaller unit of life, and all new cells come from preexisting cells |
| macromolecules | form by joining many small molecules together |
| nucleic acids | are macromolecules that form when long chains of molecules called nucleotides join together |
| proteins | are long chains of amino acid molecules |
| lipid | a large macromolecule that does not dissolve in water |
| carbohydrates | a sugar molecule, two sugar molecules, or a long chain of molecules |
| cell membrane | is a flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside of a cell |
| cell wall | a stiff structure outside the cell membrane |
| cytoplasm | a fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules |
| cytoskeleton | is a network of threadlike proteins that are joined together |
| organelles | have special functions, most organelles are surrounded by membranes |
| nucleus | a part of a eukaryotic cell that directs cell activities and contains genetic information in DNA |
| chloroplast | are membrane-bound organelles that use light energy and make food-a sugar called glucose- from water and carbon dioxide in a process known as photosynthesis |
| passive transport | is the movement of substances through a cell membrane without using the cell's energy |
| diffusion | is the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| osmosis | is the diffusion of water molecules only through a membrane |
| facilitated diffusion | molecules pass through a cell membrane using special proteins |
| active transport | the movement of substances through a cell membrane only using a cell's energy |
| endocytosis | the process during in which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with cell membrane |
| exocytosis | the process during which a cell's vesicles release their contents outside the cell |
| cellular respiration | a series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP |
| glycolysis | a process by which glucose, a sugar, is broken down into smaller molecules |
| fermentation | a reaction that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells can use to obtain energy from food |
| photosynthesis | a series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water, and co2 |
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