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ConBio Midterm3
Chapters 7-9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Trends with overpopulation | 1 billion people in 1804. 12 years to get from 5 billion to 6 billion. |
| What are the drivers of population growth? | decline in infant mortality (15% to 6%), people living longer |
| What is the reason for the decline in fertility rates? | increase in basic rights for women, education/literacy, contraception knowledge, access to contraception, income independent |
| What is the concept of population momentum | much of the population within childbearing age (15-45), absolute population growth even though the overall rate is declining |
| Future on a Global Scale | Africa will see huge pop increases proportionally (34%). India and China second (25%). U.S. pop from 312 to 325 million. We will either decrease fertility or reach our carrying capacity and death rates will skyrocket |
| Trends in Overconsumption | 1-2 people per sq kilometer to now having 44 people per sq kilometer. 2,500 calories daily to 31,000 calories daily |
| ecological footprint | the amount of land and resources used to meet a given country's consumption needs and absorb the resulting waste |
| Individual Choices Matter | driving cars, meat and poultry, having kids, growing produce and grains, lighting, home construction |
| E.O. Wilson's perspective on human evolution | individuals place themselves first, family second, tribe third, world fourth. only plan ahead 1-2 generations |
| Overharvesting- global trade | organisms and body parts, tigers, doctrine of signatures (liverwort, 3 leaves 3 lobes) |
| Examples of overharvested species | sumatran rhino, whale sharks, seahorses, crocodiles, elephants, hawksbill sea turtle, big leaf mahogany, patagonian toothfish, wild birds, rare birds |
| Local Hunting- Why is it unsustainable? | tragedy of the commons, increased sedentarism, increase realiance on swidden ag, advances in hunting tech make hunting less discriminating |
| compensatory mortality | if mortality from one factor increases but decreases from another factor. vs additive |
| Maximum Sustained Yield | largest number of individuals that can be harvested from a population without impairing the ability of the population to continue to produce at that level of harvest |
| Economic issues with MSY | industry and government will invest during abundance leading to overexploitation, the more rare, the greater the value, perverse subsidies, profit more important than sustainability. parrot case study |
| Why are introduced species successful? | escape from natural enemies, outcompete natives, preadapted to disturbed environments, displace natives, kill them, |
| Characteristics of Invasives | general diet and habitat requirements, high abundance, small body size, high reproductive capability, good competitors, social/gregarious |
| Purple loose strife and Tamarisk | great impacts by plant species |
| Wild boar | animals can change entire character of an ecosystem |
| Chestnut blight and Dutch Elm Disease | plant pathogen can overwhelm entire ecosystem |
| Asian songbirds and culex mosquitoes | propagate diseases that harm natives |
| Fire ant and brown tree snake | Can attack natives |
Created by:
mlux
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