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ES Chapter 6
ES Chapter 6 Genetic
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This is either a change in the number of chromosomes or the arrangement of genes on a chromosome | Chromosome Changes |
| The change in the sequence of bases in a gene | Gene mutation |
| 1 complete singel set of an organism's chromosomes (the organism's haploid number); a NL haploid gamete contains a complete one of these | Geonome |
| The addition or loss of an entire genome | Euploidy |
| This is the incomplete genome due to lack of or an extra chromosome(s); a result of an error during meiosis called nondisjunction (the failure of a chromosome to separate) | Aneuploidy |
| Down's Syndrome is an example of this nondisjunction which occurs at the 21st chromosome | Aneuploidy |
| These chromosomes are actually long chains of many genes (string of pearls) | Gene Linkage |
| This is when "breaking" of sister chromatids occurs and pieces join with the ends of the other chromatids | Crossing over |
| This is when 2 nonhomologous chromosomes cross over dring meiosis | Translation |
| This is the activation or turning on of a gene that results in its transcription and the production of a specific protein | Gene expression |
| What are those genes that are affected by the presence of absence of hormones (colorful male bird, dull female) | Sex-limited genes |
| This is a genetic disorder in which damaged genes are unable to control cell growth | Cancer |
| This is an alteration of an individual gene | Gene mutation |
| this is a mutation that occurs in the nongamete cells of the body | Somatic mutation |
| This is a mutation in a cell that is forming gametes (sex cells) | Germ mutation |
| These are mutations of body cells which are not passed on to the offspring. These mutations may affect the organism that has them but not future generations | Somatic gene mutations |
| What happens when there are major or minor effects upon the cells or organism, depending upon the kind of protein produced | Produces odd protein - somatic gene mutations |
| What effect does a somatic gene mutation have when the protein made is lethal or if the protein was essential and is no longer produced | Kills the cell - somatic gene mutations |
| What effect does a somatic gene mutation have when either the protein is not essential, or the other allele is able to make enough of the needed protein | Has no effect - somatic gene mutations |
| These are mutations of the reproductive cells which make gametes to form the next generation. these mutations do not affect the organism that has them but do affect future generations | Germ gene mutations |
| This happens usually with major effects, since all the cells of the new organism in which that gene is to be turned on will be affected | Produces odd protein - germ gene mutations |
| What happens when the proein is not affected, or the allele is able to make enough of the needed protein | has no effect - germ gene mutations |
| What happens if the protein make is lethal or if the protein was essential and is no longer produced | Kills the cell, zygote, fetus, or newborn - germ gene mutation |
| If a mutation happens in the active site of an enzyme or one of the amino acids that bonds with another, thereby giving the protein its shape, it happens here | Critical place |
| This mutation is a part of a protein that happens either when the amino acid that is introduced is virtually the same as the amino acid it replaced or when the section of the amino acid chain forms a structure which is not critical to the funct. of protei | Noncritical part of a protein |
| It is estimated that the human body loses hundreds of cells each day to these mutations | Somatic mutations |
| These type of mutations that produce odd proteins may result in problems like birth marks or moles or may produce enzymes which turn on genes which is speculated to happen in some forms of cancer | Somatic mutations |
| These are common - a person has millions of these types of cells for each germ cell and cannot affect the next generation (evolution) | Somatic mutations |
| This is a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area | Populations |
| This is the sum of all possible alleles for all memebers of a species | Gene pool |
| This is when most desirable animals/ plants from the herd/crop are bred | Mass selection |
| This is the crossbreeding of two genetically unrelated individuals | Hybridization |
| Crossbreeding of 2 genetically unrelated individuals leasds to offspring called ......; they are typically superior to the parents (greater resistance to disease, bugger, better producers, etc.) | Hybrids |
| this is the mating of an organism with itself or a close relative | Inbreeding |
| The mating of an organism with itself or a close relative which can in time produce .......; they are homozygous for various traits | Pure bred organisms |
| This means 'good origins'; efforts to improve the human gene pool | Eugenics |
| this is used to determine an individual's genetic makeup | Genetic Screening |
| Three types of Genetic Screening | 1.Pedigree Analysis, 2.Analysis of the unborn, 3.analysis of the newborn |
| This is discussing and analyzing the genetic inheritance patterns in a family | Pedigree analysis |
| This analysis include bothe ultrasound imaging and amniocentesis | Analysis of unborn |
| One way to analyze the unborn | Amniocentesis |
| This is when any number of tests are run on a newborn to determine if there is a genetic disorder | Analysis of newborn |
Created by:
dmaks
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