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ConBio Midterm
Chapters 1-3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three strains of conservation biology? | 1) Conserve endangered species 2) Conserve the structure and function of ecosystems 3) Work within political and social realities |
| What has happened during the Anthropocene? | the extinction rate has increased 100-1000x the normal background rate |
| When did conservation biology begin? | 1980s, before that there was wildlife/biology management since the 1930s |
| Define biodiversity | the diversity of life in all its forms at every ecological level. it is the sum of life's physical expression and genetic potential. a savings bank for successful genes |
| What are the four dimensions of biodiversity? | Genetic (w/in individuals, pop, species), spatial(landscapes ecosystems ecoregions), functional(reproduction, behavior, predation) temporal (daily, seasonal, annual) |
| Genetic diversity | Variation in genetic code within or between individuals and populations. |
| What causes genetic diversity? | mutations, deletions, duplication, inversion |
| Why should we care about preserving genetic diversity? | Key to preserving abilities to adapt and survive. Economic importance: improve species with a larger gene pool. (broccoli) |
| Species diversity | species number weighted by measure of importance such as abundance, productivity, or size |
| What are the three species concepts that we have studied? | morphological: smallest groups that are distinguishable by ordinary means biological: interbreeding populations that can only mate with one another phylogenetic: individual organisms in a cluster/pattern of ancestry and descent |
| What are the three types of diversity? | alpha: at a single site beta: between 2 sites gamma: alpha but on a larger scale (land mass/globally) |
| Evolutionary Distinctiveness | the more different a species is from any other, the more it contributes to overall global biological diversity |
| Ecosystem Diversity | assemblages of species and their interactions with the environment |
| Interspecies Interactions | predation, compeition, parasitism, mutualism |
| Examples of Interspecies Interactions | fig and fig wasps, ants and aphids, anemone and clownfish |
| Cultural Diversity | knowledge of migration routes, water holes, food patches, nesting sites, refugia, passing down information. ex: elephants |
| Who originally came up with the concept of "species"? What are the three requirements? | Carolus Linnaeus: requires a Latin binomial, a formal published description, and a type specimen deposited in a museum |
| holotypes | single specimen considered to best represent the species |
| paratypes | other specimens from the type series that will reinforce species understanding |
| taxonomy | study of classification of organisms based on phylogenetic relationships |
| systematics | enables classification of organisms based on phylogenetic inferences |
| phylogeny | evolutionary relationships among species |
| how many species have been named and described? where are these discoveries taking place? | 1.7 million. tropics (plants lizards amphib fish), marine (1million + undescribed species), microorganisms |
| Who was Terry Erwin and what did he do? | sampled beetles which account for 2/5 of known insects. based on the numbers of beetles he estimated that there are 30 million insect species |
| Who were Stork and Gaston and what did they do? | Used the ratio of butterflies to other insects to arrive at an estimated 6.6 million insect species worldwide. |
| Robert May?? | Looked at body size, and the relationship between that and the number of species to come up with an estimate. as body size decreases number of species increases along a certain trendline. 10-50million species worldwide |
Created by:
mlux
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