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PD: Cell Cycle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This principle states that all cells arise from preexisting cells, and was formulated by Rudolf Virchow in 1858. | Cell Doctrine |
| This functions in reproduction, growth, and repair. It is a finely controlled process that results in the distribution of identical hereditary material. | Cell Division |
| The hereditary endowment of a cell. These are organized into functional units called chromosomes. | Genome |
| These are supercoils of a DNA-protein complex. | Chromatin |
| What is the sequence of events of interphase? | G1, G, S, G2 |
| During this phase, nucleoli disappear. Chromatin fibers condense into chromosomes. | Prophase |
| These form during prophase and are made of microtubules. | Mitotic Spindles |
| During this phase, the nuclear envelope fragments, spindle fibers extend to the equator, and kinetochores form. | Prometaphase |
| These are little "dark spots" near the centromere region. They attach to the kinetochore microtubules. | Kinetochores |
| During this phase, centrosomes are at the opposite poles, and chromosomes move to the middle. | Metaphase |
| During this phase, paired centromeres move apart, sister chromatids split apart, and the chromosomes form a V shape. | Anaphase |
| During this phase, nonkinetochore microtubules elongate the cell, forming two daughter nuclei. Nucleoli reappear, and nuclear envelopes begin to form. | Telophase |
| List several components of the cell membrane and ECM. | A phospholipid bilayer, with proteins and carbohydrates embedded in it. |
| What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane? | Helps stabilize membrane and makes it less fluid |
| What are the functions of integral membrane proteins? | Membrane specific functions, determining specific functions |
| What functions are oligosaccharides of the ECM associated with? | Distinguishing one cell from another (cell-to-cell recognition) |
| What makes up the ECM? | Many fibers and proteins, like glycoproteins, carbohydrates, and glycolipids |
| What membrane structures function in active transport? | Transport Proteins |
| What is the voltage across a cell membrane called? | Membrane Potential |
| Why is the sodium potassium pump an electrogenic pump? | It generates electricity by a net movement of positive charge out of the cell |
| What does the sodium potassium pump do? | Exchange sodium for potassium |
| If there are 88 chromatids at metaphase how many chromosomes will be in each of the daughter cells produced? | 44 |
| If there are 10 centromeres in a cell how many chromosomes are there? | 10 |
| How does a bacterium produce new cells? | Binary fission |
| These proteins are enzymes that activate or inactivate other proteins by phosphorylating them. | Kinases |
| A protein that gets its name from fluctuating concentration in the cell. A kinase must be attached to this. Kinases attached to these are called Cdks. | Cyclin |
| This was the cyclin-Cdk complex that was discovered first. It triggers the cell's passage past the G2 checkpoint into the M phase. | MPF |
| Later in M phase, MPF switches itself off by initiating a process leading to destruction of cyclin by ___ enzymes. | Proteolytic |
| This is a protein released by certain body cells that stimulates other cells to divide. | Growth Factor |
| This growth factor is made by blood cells. It's important for wound healing. | PDGF |
| PDGF is required for these. These help heal a wound. | Fibroblasts |
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professordad
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