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Quarter 1
Anatomy Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | Study of the structure of the Body |
| Physiology | study of the function of the body |
| Gross anatomy | study of the body with the naked eye |
| microscopic anatomy | requires the use of a microscope |
| cytology | study of cells |
| histology | study of tissues |
| systematic | all organs with related functions studied together |
| regional | all structures in a single region are studied regardless of function |
| pathological | deal with the structure changes in cells, tissues, and organs, caused by disease |
| topographical | study of shapes and marking called landmarks on the surface of the body |
| superior | toward the head or upper part of the structure |
| inferior | away from the head end or towards the lower part of the structure |
| anterior | toward or at the front of the body |
| posterior | toward or at the back end of the body |
| medial | toward or at the midline of the body, on the inner side |
| lateral | away from the midline, outer sides of the body |
| intermediate | between a more medial and lateral structure |
| proximal | closer to the origin of the body part |
| distal | further from the origin of the body part |
| superficial | surface of the body |
| deep | internal, away from the surface |
| frontal | divides the body into anterior and posterior sides |
| transverse | horizontally divides the body into superior and inferior parts |
| sagittal | divides the body into right and left parts vertically |
| midsagittal | vertically right down the middle (median) |
| axial region | head, neck, and trunk |
| trunk | thorax, abdomen, pelvic |
| ventral body cavity | thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity peritoneal cavity |
| thoracic cavity | pleural cavity (lungs) mediastinum (heart) pericardial (surrounds the heart) |
| abdominopelvic cavity | abdominal (digestive organs) pelvic (bladder reproductive organs) peritoneal cavity ( |
| dorsal | body cavity where spinal column and skull are located |
| cranial | brain |
| vertebral | spinal chord |
| pericardial cavity | cavity that surrounds the heart |
| pleural cavity | cavity that surrounds the lung |
| peritoneal cavity | surrounds organs in the abdominalpelvic region |
| parietal serosa | outer wall of the cavity (parietal pluerae) (parietal pericardium) (parietal peritoneum) |
| visceral serosa | serous membrane located directly on the visceral organ |
| serous fluid | protective fluid used for lubrication between visceral and parietal serosa |
| 9 abdominal regions | (right left hypochondriac) epigastric (right and left lumbar) umbilical (right and left illiac) hypogastric |
| 4 abdominal quadrants | upper left and right lower left and right |
| what divides the two ventral cavities | diaphragm |
| two parts of the thoracic cavity | mediastinum (contains pericardium) and pleura |
| outer wall of a serous cavity | parietal serosa |
| inner wall of a serous cavity | visceral serosa |
| biological catalysts | enzymes |
| mechanism by which particles enter a cell | endocytosis |
| primary nonspecific defense mechanism of the host, an example of endocytosis | phagocytosis |
| mechanism that moves substances out of the cell | exocytosis |
| site of protein synthesis | ribosomes |
| network within the cytoplasm | endoplasmic reticulum |
| cell membrane factory | rough ER |
| stores ionic calcium in the cell | rough ER |
| site of lipid metabolism in the cell | smooth ER |
| post office of the cell | golgi apparatus |
| powerhouse of the cell | mitochondria |
| membrane-walled sacs that contain digestive enzymes | lysosomes |
| cell skeleton | cytoskeleton |
| control center of the cell | nucleus |
| tissue responsible for covering and lining | epithelial tissue |
| tissue responsible for support | connective tissue |
| tissue responsible for movement | muscle tissue |
| tissue responsible for control/communication | nervous tissue |
| one layer of cells in epithelial tissue | simple |
| more than one layer of cells in epithelial tissue | stratified |
| cells wider than tall, plate-like | squamous |
| cells as wide as they are tall | cuboidal |
| cells that are taller than they are wide | columnar |
| ducts that carry products to an epithelial surface or into a body cavity | exocrine gland |
| ductless glands that secrete substances directly into the blood stream | endocrine gland |
| organ that functions for both exocrine and endocrine | pancreas |
| most diverse and abundant tissue | connective tissue |
| 4 types of connective tissue | connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood |
| three types of membranes that combine epithelial and connective tissue | 1) cutaneous membrane, 2) mucous membrane, 3) serous membrane |
| striated and voluntary muscle tissue | skeletal muscle |
| striated and involuntary muscle tissue | cardiac muscle |
| non-striated and involuntary muscle tissue | smooth muscle |
| two layers of skin | epidermis, dermis |
| layer of skin classified as stratified squamous epithelial tissue | epidermis |
| layer of skin classified as connective tissue | dermis |
| lies deep to the skin and is not considered part of the skin | hypodermis |
| most abundant cell type in the epidermis, produces keratin | keratinocytes |
| epidermal cell type which produces a dark skin pigment | melanocytes |
| epidermal cell type associated with a sensory nerve ending, receptor for touch | merkel cells |
| epidermal cell type that uses endocytosis to take up antigens, immune system | langerhans cells |
| superficial layer of the dermis | papillary layer |
| papillary layer of dermis composed of ______ connective tissue | areolar |
| deep layer of the dermis | reticular layer |
| reticular layer of dermis composed of _______ connective tissue | dense irregular |
| is dermis vascularized? | yes |
| two names for hypodermis | superficial fascia, subcutaneous layer |
| two tissue types in hypodermis | areolar and adipose connective tissue |
| flexible strand of dead hard keratin | hair |
| two parts of a hair | root, shaft |
| sebaceous glands occur everywhere on the body except | palms and soles |
| sebaceous glands secrete | sebum |
| another name for sweat gland | sudoriferous gland |
| true sweat is | 99% water, some NaCl and metabolic wastes |
| sweat gland that produces true sweat | eccrine gland |
| larger of the sweat glands, produce sweat with fatty substances and proteins | apocrine gland |
| scale-like modification of epidermis, made of hard keratin | nails |
| Appendicular region | 4 limbs |
| cervical | neck |
| acromial | point of shoulder |
| antecubital | front of elbow |
| antibrachial | forearm |
| pollex | thumb |
| patellar | front of knee |
| tarsal | ankle |
| orbital | eye |
| buccal | cheek |
| mental | chin |
| sternal | breastbone |
| thoracic | chest |
| umbilical | naval |
| inguinal | groin |
| femoral | thigh |
| hallux | big toe |
| olecranal | back of elbow |
| sacral | between hips |
| popliteal | heel |
| plantar | sole of foot |
| three organs found in mediastinum | heart, trachea, esophagus |
Created by:
dmorris1130
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