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Endocrine Curr 6/7

Adult Health Curriculum 6 & 7

QuestionAnswer
Hyperthyroidism also called... Graves disease, exopthalmic goiter and thyrotoxicosis
Hyperthyroidism also called... Graves disease, exopthalmic goiter and thyrotoxicosis
Hyperthyroidism Overproduction of thyroid hormones
Thyroid hormones T3 and T4; triiodothyronine and thyroxine
Graves diseases occurs most frequently... In women, 20-40 years old
What type of disease is Graves disease? Autoimmune
Exophthalmos Bulging of the eyeballs
Characteristics of blood pressure and heart rate in hyperethyroid patient... Rapid pulse, elevated blood pressure
Patients with Graves disease often have an intolerance to... Heat
Hyperthyroidism is confirmed by... Decrease in TSH levels and an increase in T3 and T4 levels
Hyperthyroidism is confirmed by... Decrease in TSH levels and an increase in T3 and T4 levels
RAIU Radioactive iodine uptake
Common medications for hyperthyroidism Propylthiouricil and methimazole
PTU must be taken... 3 times a day
Methimazole must be taken... Once only
Gold standard for treating hyperthyroidism Ablation therapy using radioactive iodine
Methimazole must be taken... Once only
Subtotal thyroidectomy Five sixths of thyroid is removed
Gold standard for treating hyperthyroidism Ablation therapy using radioactive iodine
Hyperthyroidism diet Foods high in calories, vitamins, mineral and carbohydrates
Subtotal thyroidectomy Five sixths of thyroid is removed
Signs of internal bleeding Restlessness, apprehension, increased pulse rate, decreased blood pressure and feeling of fullness in the neck
Hyperthyroidism diet Foods high in calories, vitamins, mineral and carbohydrates
Carpopedal spasms Muscle spasms in the wrists and feet
Carpopedal spasms Muscle spasms in the wrists and feet
Serious complication after thyroidectomy Thyroid storm
Serious complication after thyroidectomy Thyroid storm
Hypothyroidism occurs most often... In women 30-60 years old
Hypothyroidism occurs most often... In women 30-60 years old
Hypothyroidism Thyroid fails to secrete sufficient hormones
Hypothyroidism Thyroid fails to secrete sufficient hormones
Severe hypothyroidism in adults is called... Myxedema
Hypothyroid patients often have an intolerance to... Cold
Congenital hypothyroidism is called... Cretinism
Hypothyroid patients often have an intolerance to... Cold
Decreased metabolism usually causes... Bradycardia, decreased blood pressure and respirations, and exercise intolerance
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism is based on... Physical examination and laboratory levels of TSH, T3, T4 and FT4
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism is based on... Physical examination and laboratory levels of TSH, T3, T4 and FT4
Treatment for hypothyroidism Replacement therapy
Medications for hypothyroidism Levothyroxine (Levothroid, Synthroid, Levo-T, Eltroxin)
Medications for hypothyroidism Levothyroxine (Levothroid, Synthroid, Levo-T, Eltroxin)
Hypothyroidism diet High protein, high fiber, low calorie
Hypothyroidism diet High protein, high fiber, low calorie
Simple Goiter also called Colloid goiter
Simple goiter develops When the thyroid gland enlarges in response to low iodine levels
Formation of thyroglobulin (colloid) is increased when... The blood level of T3 is too low to signal the pituitary to decrease TSH secretion
Most cases of simple goiter caused by... Insufficient dietary intake of iodine
Diagnosis of simple goiter is essentially based on... Physical manifestations
Patients with simple goiter may complain of... Dysphagia, hoarseness or dyspnea because of the pressure exerted on the esophagus
Medical management of simple goiter Surgery if necessary and oral administration of postassium iodide and foods high in iodine
Cancer of the thyroid Relatively rare malignancy
Cancer of the thyroid occurs more frequently in... Whites and women
Manifestations of thyroid cancer include... Firm, fixed, small, rounded, painless mass or nodule
Papillary thyroid cancer is suspected when.. A thyroid scan shows a "cold" nodule
"Cold" nodules indicate Decreased uptake of iodine radioisotope
Benign adenomas and follicular cancers... Show "hot" nodules
"Hot" nodules indicate Increased uptake of iodine radioisotope
Diagnosis confirmation of thyroid cancer Thyroid needle biopsy
Treatment of thyroid cancer Total thyroidectomy with lifelong thyroid replacement therapy
Major postoperative thyroidectomy complications Respiratory distress, recurrent laryngeal damage, hemmorhage and hypoparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism Overactivity of the parathyroid glands with increased production of PTH
Hyperparathyroidism may result from... Chronic renal failure, pyelonephritis or glomerulonephritis
Hyperparathyroidism usually occurs in... Adults between 30-70, twice as frequently in women
Primary clinical manfiestation of hyperparathyroidism... Hypercalcemia
High levels of calcium in the blood may lead to... Formation of kidney stones
Hyperparathyroidism diagnostics Radiographic examination may show skeletal decalcification, PTH levels are increased, calcium is increased, phosphorus is decreased
Treatment for hyperparathyroidism Surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands
Hypoparathyroidism Occurs when there is decreased PTH resulting in decreased calcium levels
Hypoparathyroidism is thought to be caused by... Autoimmune or familial origin
Most common cause of hypoparathyroidism Indadvertant removal or destruction of one or more of the parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy
Decreased levels of PTH cause... Hyperexcitability, involuntary and uncontrollable muscle spasms and hypocalcemic tetany
Laboratory studies used to determine hypoparathyroidism Decreased serum calcium and PTH with increased urinary calcium, and increased serum phosphorus with decreased urinary phosphorus
Other possible causes of hypocalcemia Vitamin D deficiency, kidney failure and acute pancreatitis
Immediate treatment of hypoparathyroidism IV administration of calcium gluconate or calcium chloride
SSKI Potassium iodide
SSKI action Blocks the release of thyroid hormone in thyroid storm and hyperthyroidism
SSKI side effects Rash, metallic taste, burning in mouth or throat, GI irritation, headache, parotitis, hyperkalemia
What do you mix SSKI with to mask the taste? Fruit juice
T3 normal level 65-195 ng/dL
T4 normal level 5-12 mcg/dL
Free T4 normal level 1-3.5 ng/dL
TSH normal level 0.3-5.4 mcg/dL
Created by: caysmommy03
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