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Cell Terminology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane) | The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. |
| Cell Wall | A rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants it consists mainly of cellulose. |
| Centromsome | An organelle near the nucleus of a cell that contains the centrioles (in animal cells) and from which the spindle fibers develop in cell division. |
| Centromere | The constricted region joining the two sister chromatids that make up an X-shaped chromosome, the site where kinetochore is formed. |
| Chloroplast | A plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place. |
| Chromatin | The material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. |
| Chromosome | A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes |
| Cytoskeleton | A microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence. |
| Cytoplasm | THe material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | A network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis. |
| Flagellum | A slender threadlike structure, esp. a microscopic whiplike appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc., to swim. |
| Golgi apparatus (Golgi body) | A complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport. |
| Histones | Any of a group of basic proteins found in chromatin. |
| Lysosome | An organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane. |
| Microfilament | Long, thin fiber that functions in the movement and support of the cell; helps move cytoplasm; make up actin and myosin in muscle cells. |
| Microtubule | A microscopic tubular structure present in numbers in the cytoplasm of cells, sometimes aggregating to form more complex structures. |
| Mitochondria | An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. |
| Nucleolus | A small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase. |
| Nuclear Envelope (Nuclear Membrane) | The nucelar envelope is a double lipid bilayer that encloses the genetic material in eukaryotic cells |
| Nucleoid Region | The nucleus-like region is an irregularly-shaped region within the cell of prokaryotes which has nuclear material without a nuclear membrane and where the genetic material is localized. |
| Nucleus | The nucleus is a membrane bound structure that contains the cell's hereditary information and controls the cell's growth and reproduction. |
| Organelle | Any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell. |
| Plasmodesmata | A narrow thread of cytoplasm that passes through the cell walls of adjacent plant cells and allows communication between them. |
| Ribosome | A minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells that serves as the site of protein synthesis. |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an eukaryotic organelle that forms an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles, and cisternae within cells. |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | ER with no ribosomes attached. |
| Thylakoid membrane | A thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. They are the site of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis. |
| Vacuole | A space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid. |
| Vesicle | A bubble-like membranous structure that stores and transports cellular products and digests metabolic wastes within the cell. |
| Villi | Any of numerous minute elongated projections set closely together on a surface typically increasing its surface area for the absorption. |
Created by:
fairbrobio
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