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Chapter 7 Sidney
Chapter 7 flash cards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell | Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life |
| Cell theory | Idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells |
| Nucleus | The center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, structure that contains the cells genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities |
| Eukaryote | Organism whose cells contain nuclei |
| Prokaryote | Unicellular organism lacking a nucleus |
| Organelle | Specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell |
| Cytoplasm | Material inside the cell membrane--not including the nucleus |
| Nuclear envelope | Layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell |
| Chromatin | Granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins |
| Chromosome | Threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| Nucleolus | Small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins |
| Ribosome | Small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | Internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified |
| Golgi apparatus | Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum |
| Lysosome | Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell |
| Vacuole | Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| Mitochondrion | Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| Chloroplast | Organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlights and converts it into chemical energy |
| Cytoskeleton | Network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement |
| Centriole | One of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope |
| Cell Membrane | thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| Cell wall | Strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in pants, algae, and some bacteria |
| Lipid bilayer | Double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes |
| Concentration | the mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume |
| Diffusion | Process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to and area where they are less concentrated |
| Equilibrium | When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Isotonic | When the concentration of two solutions is the same |
| Hypertonic | When comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes |
| Hypotonic | When comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of the solutes |
| Facilitated diffusion | Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels |
| Active Transport | Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference |
| Endocytosis | Process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane |
| Cell specialization | the process in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks |
| Tissue | Group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
| Organ | Group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions |
| Organ system | Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
Created by:
sidney703
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