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Biology7terms

Chapter 7 vocab

QuestionAnswer
collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life cell
idea that -all living things are composed of cells -Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things -new cells are produced from existing cells cell theory
center of an atom which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material and controls the cell's activities nucleus
organism whose cell contains nuclei eukaryote
single celled organism laking a nucleus prokaryote
material inside the cell membrane--not including the nucleus cytoplasm
layer of 2 membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell nuclear envelope
granual material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins chromatin
threadlike structure within the nucleus containing genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next chromosome
small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins nucleus
small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled, made up of RNA and protein ribosome
internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified endoplasmic reticulum
stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. Golgi apparatus
cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell. lysome
cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbs vacuole
cell organelle that converts the chemical energy in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. mitochondrion
organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy. chloroplast
network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement cytoskeleton
one of 2 tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nucleus envelope centriole
thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cells. cell membrane
strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria. cell wall
double-layer sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membrane lipid bilayer
mass of a solute in a given volume of solution, or mass volume concentration
process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are MORE concentrated to an area where they are LESS concentrated diffusion
when the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution equilibrium
diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane osmosis
when the concentration of 2 solutions is the same isotonic
when comparing 2 solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes hyper tonic
movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein chemicals facilited diffusion
energy requiring process that moves materials across a cell membrane against a concentration difference. active transport
process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membranes endocytosis
process in which extentions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell phagocytosis
process by which a cell takes in liquid amounts of material pinocytosis
process by which a cell releases large amounts of material exocytis
separate roles for each type of cell in mulitcellular organisms cell specialization
group of similar cells that perform a particular function tissue
group of tissues that work together to form closely related function organ
group of organs that work together to perform a specific function organ system
Created by: glennbrown
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