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cells structure

QuestionAnswer
Cells The basic units of all forms of life.
Cell Theory Idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells.
Nucleus A large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA.
Eukaryotes Cells that contain nuclei.
Prokaryotes Cells that do not contain nuclei.
Organelles Specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell.
Cytoplasm The portion of the cell outside the nucleus.
Nuclear Envelope Layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell.
Chromatin Granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins.
Chromosomes Threadlike structures within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next.
Nucleolus Small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins.
Ribosomes Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified.
Golgi Apparatus Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Lysosome Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell.
Vacuoles Cell organelles that store materials such as water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Mitochondria Organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.
Chloroplasts Organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.
Cytoskeleton Network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involed in many forms of cell movement.
Centrioles One of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope.
Cell Membrane Thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
Cell Wall Strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria.
Lipid Bilayer Double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes
Concentration The mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume.
Diffusion Process by which molecules tend to move from an area where yhey are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated.
Equilibrium When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution.
Osmosis The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
Isotonic When the concentration of two solutions is the same.
Hypertonic When comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes.
Hyptonic When comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes.
Facilitated Diffusion Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels.
Active Transport Energy-reguiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference.
Endocytosis The process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets, of the cell membrane.
Phagocytosis Process in which extensions of cytopasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell.
Pinocytosis Process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment.
Exocytosis Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material.
Cell Specialization THe process in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks.
Tissue A group of similar cells that perform a particular function.
Organ Group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function.
Organ System Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.
Created by: emw412
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