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Cell S. Samari
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell | basic unit of all forms of life |
| cell theory | idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things and new cells are produced from from existing cells |
| nucleus | in cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cells activity |
| eukayote | organism whose cells contain nuclei |
| prokaryote | unicellular organism lacking nucleus |
| organelle | specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell |
| cytoplasm | material inside the cell membrane; not including the nucleus |
| nuclear envelope | layer of two memberanes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell |
| chromatin | granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around protiens |
| chromosome | threadlike structure withing the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| nucleolus | small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begin |
| ribosome | small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm |
| ectoplasmic reticulum | an internal membrane system contained eukaryotic cells |
| Golgi apparatus | proteins produced in the rough ER move next into an organelle |
| lysosomes | small organelles filled with enzymes |
| vacuoles | cells that contain sadlike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| mitochondria | organelles that convert the convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| chloroplasts | organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis |
| cytoskeleton | a supporting structure that gives eukaryotic cells shape and internal organization |
| centrioles | located in the nucleus and help organize cell divisions; not found in plant cells |
| cell membrane | cells surrounded by a thin, flexible barrier |
| cell wall | cells produce a strong supporting layer around the membrane |
| lipid bilayer | compositions of nearly all cell membranes in a double-layered sheet |
| concentration | the mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume |
| facilitated diffusion | when cell membrane channels are said to facilitate, or help, the diffusion of glucose across the membrane |
| active transport | an energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference |
| endocytosis | the process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets, of the cell membrane |
| phagocytosis | extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package within a food vacuole; means "cell eating" |
| pinocytosis | when many cells take up liquid from the surrounding environment and tiny pockets form along the cell membrane, fill with liquid, and pinch off to form vacuoles within the cell |
| exocytosis | when the membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell |
| cell specialization | when cells throughout the organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks |
| tissue | a group of similar cells that perform a particular functions |
| organ | a group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together to perform a specific funtion |
Created by:
Joette
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