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Chapter 7 Vocab 1a
Chapter 7 vocab part 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cells | A collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all life forms |
| Cell theory | Idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells |
| Nucleus | The center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities |
| Eukaryotes | An organism whos cells contain nuclei |
| Prokaryotes | A unicellular organism lacking a nucleus |
| Organelles | Specialized structure that preforms important cellular functions with a eukaryotic cell |
| Cytoplasm | Material inside a cell membrane- not including the nucleus |
| Nuclear envelope | Layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell |
| Chromatin | Granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around protiens |
| Chromosomes | Threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| Nucleolus | Small, dense region within the most nuclei in which the assembly of protiens begins |
| Ribosomes | Small particle in the cell on which protiens are assembled; made of RNA and protien |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | Internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some protiens are modified |
| Golgi apparatus | Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages protiens from the endoplasmic reticulum |
| Lysosomes | Small organelles filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell |
| Vacuoles | Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbs |
| Mitochondria | Organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convinient for the cell to use |
| Chloroplasts | Organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis |
| Cytoskeleton | Network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement |
| Centrioles | one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope |
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