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Chapder 7
Cell Structure and Function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a "a usually microscopic structure containing nuclear and cytoplasmic material enclosed by a semipermeable membrane and, in plants, a cell wall; the basic structural unit of all organisms."? | Cell |
| What is a "a basic tenet of modern biology, first stated by Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann in 1838–39, that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living organisms."? | Cell Theory |
| What is a "a specialized, usually spherical mass of protoplasm encased in a double membrane, and found in most living eukaryotic cells, directing their growth, metabolism, and reproduction, and functioning in the transmission of genic characters."? | Nucleus |
| What is a "organism whose cells contain nuclei."? | Eukaryote |
| What is a "unicellular organism lacking a nucleus"? | Prokaryote |
| What is a "a specialized part of a cell having some specific function; a cell organ."? | Organelle |
| What is a "the cell substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus, containing the cytosol, organelles, cytoskeleton, and various particles."? | Cytoplasm |
| What is a "the double membrane surrounding the nucleus within a cell."? | Nuclear envelope |
| What is a "the readily stainable substance of a cell nucleus, consisting of DNA, RNA, and various proteins, that forms chromosomes during cell division."? | Chromatin |
| What is a "threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next."? | Chromosome |
| What is a "a conspicuous, rounded body within the nucleus of a cell. "? | Nucleolus |
| What is a "a tiny, somewhat mitten-shaped organelle occurring in great numbers in the cell cytoplasm either freely, in small clusters, or attached to the outer surfaces of endoplasmic reticula, and functioning as the site of protein manufacture."? | Ribosome |
| What is a "a network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell, occurring either with a smooth surface (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) or studded with ribosomes (rough endoplasmic reticulum), involved in the transport of materials."? | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| What is a "stack of membranes in the cell that mmodifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum."? | Golgi apparatus |
| What is a "a cell organelle containing enzymes that digest particles and that disintegrate the cell after its death."? | Lysosome |
| What is a "a membrane-bound cavity within a cell, often containing a watery liquid or secretion."? | Vacuole |
| What is a "an organelle in the cytoplasm of cells that functions in energy production."? | Mitochondrion |
| What is a "a plastid containing chlorophyll."? | Chloroplast |
| What is a "a shifting lattice arrangement of structural and contractile components distributed throughout the cell cytoplasm, composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and larger filaments, functioning as a structural support and transport mechanism."? | Cytoskeleton |
| What is a "one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope."? | Centriole |
| What is a "the semipermeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell."? | Cell membrane |
| What is a "the definite boundary or wall that is part of the outer structure of certain cells, as a plant cell."? | Cell wall |
| What is a "double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes."? | Lipid bilayer |
| What is a "the mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/vaolume."? | Concentration |
| What is a "when the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution."? | Equilibrium |
| What is a "when the concentration of two solutions is the same."? | Isotonic |
| What is a "movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels."? | Facilitated diffusion |
| What is a "energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference."? | Active transport |
| What is a "process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding the cell membrane."? | Endocytosis |
| What is a "process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment."? | Pinocytosis |
| What is a "the porcess in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks."? | Cell specialization |
| What is a "group of similar cells that perform a particular function."? | Tissue |
| What is a "group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions."? | Organ |
| What is a "group of organs that work together to perform closely related functions."? | Organ system |
| What is a "process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentration to an area where they are less concentrated."? | Diffusion |
| What is a "diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane."? | Osmosis |
| What is a "when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes."? | Hypertonic |
| What is a "process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell."? | Phagocytosis |
| What is a "process by which a cell releases large amounts of material."? | Exocytosis |
Created by:
Sabrina Alford
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