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Chapter 7 Flashcards
cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cells | the basic unit of life |
| cell theory | a fundemental concept of biology |
| nucleus | a large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cells genetic material in the form DNA |
| eukaryotes | cells that contain nuclei |
| prokaryotes | cells that do not contain nuclei |
| organelles | little organs |
| Cytoplasm | the portion of the cell outside the nucleus |
| nuclear envelope | layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell |
| chromatin | the granular material you can see in the nucleus |
| chromosomes | threadlike structure withen the nuceus from one genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| nucleolus | small, dense region within ,ost nuclei in which assembly of proteins begin |
| ribosomes | small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm |
| endoplasmic reticulum | eukaryotic cells also contain an internal membrane system |
| golgi apparatus | prteins produced in the rough ER move next into an organelle |
| lysosomes | small organelles filled with enzymes |
| vacuoles | store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| mitochondria | organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| chloroplasts | organelles that capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis |
| cytoskeleton | network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape |
| centrioles | one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope |
| cell membrane | all cells are surrounded by a thin flexibal barrier |
| cell wall | may cells produce a strong supporting layer around the membrane |
| lipid bilayer | the composition of nearly all cell membrane is a doubled-layer sheet |
| concentration | the mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume |
| diffusion | particals tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| equilibrium | when the concentration of the solute is the same throughout a system |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| isotonic | same strength |
| hypertonic | above strength |
| hypotonic | below strength |
| facilitated diffusion | movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels |
| active transport | enegry requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference |
| endocytotis | process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane |
| phaqocytosis | process in which extentions iof cytoplams surrounds and engulf large particles and take them into the cell |
| pinocytosis | process by which a cell takes an liquid from the surrounding environment |
| excytosis | process by which a cell releases large amounts of materials |
| cell specilization | the process in which cells develope in different ways to perform different tasks |
| tissue | groups if similar cells that perform a particulr function |
| organ | groups of tissue that work together to perform closely related functions |
| organ system | groups of organs that work together to perform closely specific functions |
Created by:
omgitskellie
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