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ch. 7 cells
cell structure and function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell? | basic units of life |
| cell theory | all living things are composed of cells. cells are the basic units of strucutre and function in living things. new cells are producewd from existing cells |
| nucleus | large membrane enclosed structure that contains the cell's genetic materials |
| eukaryote | cells that contain nuclei |
| prokaryote | cells that dont contain nuclei |
| organelle | specialized organs within a cell |
| cytoplasm | the portion of the cell outside the nucleus |
| nuclear envelope | two membranes that surround the nucleus |
| chromatin | granular material you can see inside the nuclus |
| chromosomes | condensed chromatin |
| nucleolus | small dense region inside the nucleus |
| ribosome | small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm |
| endoplasimc reticulum | internal membrane system of eukaryotic cells |
| golgi apparatus | modifies sorts and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell |
| lysosomes | small organelles filled with enzymes |
| vacuoles | sack-like structures that store materials such as water salts proteins and carbs |
| mitochondria | organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| chloroplasts | organelles that capture sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis |
| cytoskeleton | network of protein filament that helps the cell to maintain its shape |
| centrioles | help to organize cell division |
| cell membrane | thin flexible barrier |
| cell wall | strong supporting area around the membrane |
| lipid bilayer | double layered sheet that compo0ses nearly all cell membranes |
| concentration | the mass of a solute in a given volume of solution |
| diffusion | particles move from high to low concentration areas |
| equilibrium | the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a system |
| osmosis | diffusion of water through a slectively permeable membrane |
| isotonic | water and sugar are the same on both sides of the membrane |
| hypertonic | sugar solution is above strength |
| hypotonic | sugar solution was below strength |
| facilitaded diffusion | molecules that cannot diffuse across the cell membranes lipid bilayer on their own move through protein channels |
| active transport | energy requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference |
| endocytosis | process of taking materila by means of infolding |
| phagocytosis | extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it with in a food vacuole |
| pinocytosis | cells take up liquid from the surrounding environment |
| exocytosis | membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane |
| cell specialization | cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks` |
| tissue | a group of similar cells that performa a particular function |
| organ | groups of tissues that work together |
| organ system | group of organs that work together |
Created by:
igriffith77
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