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Cells Struct./Funct.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life |
| Cell Theory | idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells |
| Nucleus | a large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA |
| Eukaryotes | cells that contain nuclei |
| Prokaryotes | cells that do not contain nuclei |
| Organelles | specialized structure that performs inportant cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell |
| Cytoplasm | the material of protoplasm within a living cell |
| Nuclear Envelope | layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell |
| Chromatin | granular material visible within the nucleus |
| Chromosome | threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| Nucleolus | small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins |
| Ribosome | small paricles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified |
| Golgi Apparatus | stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum |
| Lysosome | small organelles filled with enzymes |
| Vacuole | store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| Mitochondria | organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| Chloroplast | organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis |
| Cytoskeleton | a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape |
| Centriole | one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope |
| Cell Membrane | thin, flexible barrier around a cell |
| Cell Wall | strong supporting layer around the cell membrane |
| Lipid Bilayer | double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes |
| Concentration | the mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume |
| Diffusion | process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| Equilibrium | when the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution |
| Osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Isotonic | when the concentration of two solutions is the same |
| Hypotonic | when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes |
| Hypertonic | when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes |
| Facilitated Diffusion | movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels |
| Active Transport | energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference |
| Endocytosis | process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane |
| Phagocytosis | process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell |
| Pinocytosis | process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment |
| Exocytosis | process by which a cell releases large amounts of material |
| Cell Specialization | the process in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks |
| Tissue | group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
| Organ | group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions |
| Organ System | A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
Created by:
EWolker
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