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Chaper 7 TOlson
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cells | the basic units of life |
| cell theory | a fundamental concept of biology |
| nucleus | a large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA |
| Eukaryotes | cells that contain nuclei |
| Prokaryotes | cells that do not nuclei |
| organelles | literally "little organs" |
| cytoplasm | the portion of the cell outside the nucleus |
| nuclear envelope | composed of two membranes surrounding the nucleus |
| chromatin | the granular material you can see in the nucleus |
| chromosomes | when a cell divides chromatin condenses and forms |
| nucleolus | where the assembly of ribosomes begins |
| ribosomes | small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm |
| endoplasmic reticulum | eukaryotic celss contain an internal membrane system |
| Golgi apparatus | organelle where proteins move to |
| Lysosomes | small organelles filled with enzymes |
| vacuoles | saclike structure that store materials |
| mitochondria | organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| chloroplasts | organelles that capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis |
| cytoskeleton | eukaryotic cells are given their shape and internal organization by supporting structure |
| centrioles | located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division |
| cell membrane | a thin flexible barrier |
| cell wall | many cells also produce a strong supporting layer around the membrane |
| lipid bilayer | the composition of nearly all cell membranes a double layered sheet |
| concentration | the mass of solute in a given volume of solution |
| diffusion | process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| equilibrium | when the concentration if the solute is the same throughtout the system |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| isotonic | "same strength" |
| hypertonic | "above strength" |
| hypotonic | "below strength" |
| faciltated diffusion | movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels |
| active transport | energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference |
| endocytosis | the process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets, of the cell membrane |
| phagocytosis | extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a food vacuole |
| pinocytosis | process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment |
| exocytosis | the membrane of the cell vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell |
| cell specialization | cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks |
| tissue | a group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
| organ | many groups of tissue work together |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
Created by:
tayloro1123
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