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cells farhat
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell | basic unit of life |
| cell theory | states that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells |
| nucleus | a large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA |
| eukaryotes | cells that contain nuclei |
| prokaryotes | cells that do not contain nuclei |
| organelles | specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell |
| cytoplasm | the portion of the cell outside the nucleus |
| nuclear envelope | surrounds nucleus with two membranes |
| chromatin | the granular material you can see in the nucleus |
| chromosomes | distinct, threadlike structures that contain the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| nucleolus | a small, dense region that is where the assembly of ribosomes begins |
| ribosomes | small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm |
| endoplasmic reticulum | an internal membrane system that is the site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell |
| golgi apparatus | an organelle thats job is to modify, sort, adn package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell |
| lysosomes | small organelles frilled with enzymes |
| vacuoles | saclike structures that storematerials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| mitochondria | organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| chloroplasts | organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis |
| cytoskeleton | a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape; also involved in movement |
| centrioles | formed from tubulin; located near nucleus and help to organize cell division; not found in plant cells |
| cell membrane | thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells |
| cell wall | strong supporting layer around the membrane |
| lipid bilayer | a double-layer sheet that is the composition of nearly all cell membranes |
| concentration | the mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume |
| diffusion | particles that tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| equilibrium | when the concentration of the solute is the same throughout a system |
| osmosis | the diffusiion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| isotonic | "same strength" |
| hypertonic | "above strength" |
| hypotonic | "below strength" |
| facilitated diffusion | movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels |
| active transport | energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference |
| endocytosis | process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets, of the cell membrane |
| phagocytosis | process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell |
| pinocytosis | process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment |
| exocytosis | process by which a cell releases large amounts of material |
| cell specialization | the process in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks |
| tissue | a group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
| organ | group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
Created by:
ryanf2015
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