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biology ch 7
unit 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell | basic unit of life |
| cell theory | it states .all living things are composed of cells .cells are the basic units of structure and function .new cells are produced from living ones |
| nucleus | a large membrane enclosed structure that contains the cells genetic material in the form of dna |
| eukaryotes | cells that contain nuclei |
| prokaryotes | cells than dont contain nuclei |
| organelle | specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell |
| cytoplasm | the portion of the cell outside the nucleus |
| chromatin | granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of tightly coiled dna |
| chromosomes | threadlike structure within the nucleus containing information that is passed from one generation to the next |
| nucleolus | the small dense region in the nucleus where the assenbly of ribosomes begin |
| ribosome | small particles of rna and protein found throughout the cytoplasm |
| endoplasmic reticulum | the site where lipid componentsof the cell membranethat are exposed from the cell |
| golgi apparatus | purpose is to modify,sort, and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or outside it |
| lysosomes | small organelles fill with enzymes |
| vacuoles | store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrtaes. |
| mitochondria. | organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into copounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. |
| chloroplats, | organelles that capture the enrgy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthsis. |
| cytoskeleton | network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape. |
| centrioles | form mitotic spindle, which helps to seperate chromosomes. |
| cell membranes | al lsocells are sourrounded by a thin flexible barrier |
| cell wall | a strong supporting layer around the membrane |
| lipid bilayer | the composition of nearly all cell membranes is a double layered sheet |
| copncentraion | a solution si the mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume |
| diffusion | where high concentrated solutions move to less concentrated solutions |
| equilibrium | the concentraion of the solute is the same throught a system |
| osmosis | is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| isotonic | same strenght |
| hypertonic | abvoe strength |
| hypotonic | below strenght |
| faciliated diffusion | these cell membrane channels are also said to facilitate or help the diffusion of glucoes aross the membrane. |
| active transport | cells move materials in the opposite direction |
| endocytosis | the process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets of the ecll membrane |
| phagocytosis | extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a food vacuole. |
| pinocytosis | whan many cells take up liquid from the surroundin enviroment. |
| exocytosis | the membrane of the vacuole surrounding material fuses with the cell membrane forcing the contents out of the cell. |
| cell specialization | cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform diffferent tasks |
| tissue | group of similar cells that perform a poarticular function |
| organ | many groups of tissues work together |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
Created by:
lollipopsunshine
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