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Cells Chapter 7 Unit
Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a cell? | It is the collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that seperates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life |
| What is the cell theory? | It is the idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells |
| What is the nucleus? | It is the center of the cell, and is the structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities |
| What is a eukaryote? | It is an organism whose cells contain nuclei |
| What is a prokaryote? | It is a unicellular organism lacking a nucleus |
| What is an organelle? | It is a specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryote cell |
| What is the cytoplasm? | It is the material inside the cell membrane-not including the nucleus |
| What is a nuclear envelope? | It is the layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell |
| What is chromatin? | It is the granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins |
| What is a chromosome? | It is the threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| What is a nucleolus? | It is the small,dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begin |
| What are ribosomes? | They are small particles in cells on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein |
| What is the endoplasmic riticulum? | It is the internal membrane system incells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assmebled and some proteins are modified |
| What is the Golgi apparatus? | It is the stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum |
| What are lysosomes? | They are the cell organelles filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials within the cell |
| What are vacuoles? | They are cell organelles that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| What is the mitochondria? | It is the cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| What are chloroplasts? | They are organelles found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy |
| What is the cytoskeleton? | It is the network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement |
| What are centrioles? | They are one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope |
| What is the cell membrane? | It is the thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| What is the cell wall? | It is the strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria |
| What is the lipid bilayer? | It is the double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes |
| What is concentration? | It is the mass of solute in a given volume of a solution, or mass/volume |
| What is diffusion? | It is the process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| What is the equilibrium? | It is when the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution |
| What is osmosis? | It is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| What is isotonic? | It is when the concentration of two solutions is the same |
| What is hypertonic? | It is when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes |
| What is hypotonic? | It is when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes |
| What is facilitated diffusion? | It is the movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels |
| What is active transport? | It is the energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference |
| What is endocytosis? | It is the process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets, of the cell membrane. |
| What is phagocytosis? | It is the process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell |
| What is pinocytosis? | It is the process by which the cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment |
| What is exocytosis? | It is the process by which a cell releases large amounts of material. |
| What is cell specialization? | It is the process in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks |
| What is tissue? | It is a group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
| What is an organ? | It is a group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions |
| What is an organ system? | It is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
Created by:
justinhanson
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