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Chapter 7.
flash cards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell | collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates it from its surroundings; the cell is the basic unit of life |
| Cell Theory | the idea that all living things are composed of cells |
| Nucleus | structure that contains a cell's genetic info and controls its activities |
| Eukaryotes | Organism whose cells contain nuclei |
| Prokaryotes | unicellular organism lacking a nucleus |
| Organelles | specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell |
| Cytoplasm | material inside the cell membrane, not including the nucleus |
| Nuclear Envelope | the two membranes that surround the nucleus |
| Chromatin | the granular material you see in the nucleus |
| Chromosomes | threadlike structures that contain genetic information (condensed form of chromatin) |
| Nucleolus | small, dense region within the nucleus where the assembly of ribosomes begin |
| Ribosomes | small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | the internal membrane system of eukaryotic cells |
| Golgi Apparatus | an organelle that appears as a stack of closely apposed membranes |
| Lysosomes | small organelles filled with enzymes |
| Vacuoles | saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| Mitochondria | organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that the cell can use |
| Chloroplasts | organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy through photosynthesis |
| Cytoskeleton | a supporting structure within a eukaryotic cell that gives it its shape and internal organization |
| Centrioles | one of two tiny structures located near the nucleus and help organize cell division |
| Cell Membrane | thin, flexible barrier that separates a cell from its surroundings (sometimes called plasma membrane) |
| Cell Wall | a strong supporting layer around the membrane (not always there) |
| Lipid Bilayer | a double layered sheet that makees up the cell membrane |
| Concentration | the mass of solute in a given volume of solution (mass/volume) |
| Diffusion | process in which particles move from area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| Equilibrium | the state in which the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a system |
| Osmosis | the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Isotonic | "same strength" between solutions |
| Hypertonic | "above strength" |
| Hypotonic | "below strength" |
| Facilated Diffusion | the process in which cell membrane chanels help the diffusion of glucose across the membrane |
| Active Transport | used when cells need to move materials in the opposite direction (requires energy) |
| Endocytosis | the process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets, of the cell membrane |
| Phagocytosis | "cell eating" - extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a food vacule |
| Pinocytosis | The process in which tiny pockets form within the membrane, fill with liquid, and pinch off to form vacuoles |
| Exocytosis | process in which the membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane, forcing contents out of the cell |
| Cell Specialization | the process in which cells within an organism develop in different ways to perform different tasks |
| Tissue | a group of similar cells that perform a particular task |
| Organ | a group of tissues working together |
| Organ System | a group of organs working together |
Created by:
paigeh
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