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Ch 7 Seger
Ch 7 Flashcards (40)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cells | Basic units of life |
| Cell Theory | Fundamental concept that states: 1)All living things are composed of cells, 2) Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, and 3) New cells are produced from existing cells |
| Nucleus | Large membrane-enclosed structure thatcontains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA and that controls many of the cell's activities. |
| Eukaryotes | Cells that contain nuclei |
| Prokaryotes | Cells that do not contain nuclei |
| Organelles | Structures common to eukaryotic cells that act as specialized organs |
| Cytoplasm | Portion of the cell outside the nucleus |
| Nuclear Envelope | two membranes which surround the nucleus that allow material to move into or out of the nucleus |
| Chromatin | Granular material that consists of DNA bound to protein |
| Chromosomes | Distinct, threadlike structures that contain the genetic information that is passed from one generation to the next |
| Nucleolus | Small dense region where the assembly of ribosomes begins |
| Ribosomes | Small particles of RNA and proteins found throughout the cytoplasm |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell |
| Golgi Apparatus | Organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages, proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell |
| Lysosomes | Small organelles filled with enzymes that break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell |
| Vacuoles | Saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| Mitochondria | Organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| Chloroplasts | Organelles found in plant cells and some other organisms' cells that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis |
| Cytoskeleton | Supporting structure that give eukaryotic cells there shape and internal organization |
| Centrioles | Structures found in animal cells that are located near the nucleus and help organize cell division |
| Cell Membrane | Thin, flexible barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell and provides support and protection |
| Cell Wall | Strong supporting layer around the membrane found in many cells |
| Lipid Bilayer | Double-layered sheet with two layers of lipids that is the composition of nearly all cell membranes |
| Concentration | In a solution, the mass of the solute in a given volume of solution |
| Diffusion | Process where particles move from an area of high concentration to an area where they are less concentrated |
| Equilibrium | State in a system where the concentration of the solute is the same throughout |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Isotonic | When the concentrations of water and sugar are the smae on both sides of the membrane |
| Hypertonic | When the sugar solution is more concentrated |
| Hypotonic | When the sugar solution is less concentrated |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Process wherewhere the cell membrane channels help the diffusion of glucose across the membrane |
| Active Transport | Energy-requiring process which moves materials against a concentration difference |
| Endocytosis | Process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets, of the cell membrane |
| Phagocytosis | Process where extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a food vacuole, allowing the cell to engulf it |
| Pinocytosis | Process where tiny pockets form along the cell membrane, fill with liquid, and pinch off to form vacuoles within the cells |
| Exocytosis | Process where the membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents outside of the cell |
| Cell Specialization | Process where cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks |
| Tissue | Group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
| Organ | Group of tissues which carry out complicated tasks |
| Organ System | Group of organs that work together to p[erform a specific function |
Created by:
cseger
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