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Cells Evans
Chapter 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cells | Basic unit of life |
| Cell Theory | New cells can only be produced by division of excisiting cells |
| nucleus | is a large membrane that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA |
| Eukaryotes | Cells with nuclei |
| Prokayotes | Cells without nuclei |
| Organelles | little organs |
| Cytoplasm | portion of the outside of the nucleus |
| Nuclear Envelope | allow material to move into and out of the nucleus |
| Chromatin | inside the nucleus. DNA that is bound to protein |
| Chromosomes | Threadline structures contain the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| Nucleolus | Assembly of ribosomes begin |
| Ribosomes | Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | The site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell |
| Golgi Apparatus | the function is to modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell |
| Lysosomes | Small organelles filled with enzymes |
| Vacuoles | Stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| Mitochondria | organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| Chloroplasts | Organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis |
| Cytoskeleton | Eukaryotic cells are given their shape and internal organization by supporting structure |
| Centrioles | Located near the nucleus to help organized cell division. Not found in plant cells |
| Cell Membrane | Regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also provides protection and support |
| Lipid Bilayer | Gives the cell membrane a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings |
| Concentration | The mass of solute in a given volume solution, or mass/volume |
| Diffusion | When particles move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| Equilibrium | When the concentration of the solute is the same throughout the system |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Isotonic | The concentration of water and sugar will be the same on both sides of the membrane |
| Hypertonic | More concentrated sugar |
| Hypotonic | The dilute sugar solution |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Molecules, such as glucose, the cannot diffused across the cell membrane's lipid bilayer on their own move through protein channels |
| Active Transport | Process that cells must move materials in the opposite direction-against a concentration difference |
| Endocytosis | Process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets, of the cell membrane |
| Phagocutosis | Extentions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it withing a food vacuole |
| Pinocystosis | Process in which tiny pockets form along the cell membrane, fill with liquid, and pinch off to form vacuoles within the cell |
| Exocytosis | The membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell |
| Cell Specialization | Cells throughoyt an organism can develop in different ways to preform different tasks |
| Tissue | Group of similar cells that preform a particular funtion |
| Organ | Many groups of tissue work together to carry out a task |
| Organ System | A group of organs that work togehter to preform a specific function |
Created by:
henfen12
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