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Chapter 7 Njonti
Cell Structures and Function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell | Basic unit of life |
| Cell Theory | All living things are composed of cells, cells are basic structure and function of all living things, new cells are produced from existing cells |
| Nucleus | A large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell's genetic material (dna) |
| Eukaryotes | Cells that contain nuclei |
| Prokaryotes | Cells that do not contian nuclei |
| Organelles | Structures located inside of cells |
| Cytoplasm | The portion of the cell outside of the nucleus |
| Nuclear envelope | Membrane which surrounds the nucleus |
| Chromatin | Granular material found in the nucleus |
| Chromosones | Condensed form of chromatin that contains genetic information |
| Nucleolus | Location in the nucleus where the assembly of ribosomes begins |
| Ribosomes | Small particals of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | The site where the lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell |
| Golgi Apparatus | A structure which modify, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretian outside the cell. |
| Lysosomes | Small organelles filled with enzymes which break down lipids, carbs, and proteins |
| Vacuoles | Sack like structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| Mitochondria | Organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for cell use. |
| Chloroplasts | Organelles that capture the enrgy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis |
| Cytoskeleton | A supporting structure in a cell |
| Centrioles | Organelles located near the nucleus that help to organize cell division |
| Cell Membrane | A thin flexible barrier that surrounds cells |
| Cell Wall | Strong supporting layer around the membrane |
| Lipid Bilayer | A double layered sheet which composes the cell membrane |
| Concentration | The mass of a solute or solution |
| Diffusion | When particles move from an area where they are more conentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| Equilibrium | When the concentration of the solute is the same throughout a system |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Isotonic | At the point when water and sugars will be the same on both sides of the membrane |
| Hypertonic | The more concentrated sugar |
| Hypotonic | The dilute sugar composition |
| Faciliated | When molecules that cannot diffuse across the cell membranes' lipid bilayer on their own move through protein channels instead |
| Active Transport | The active transport of molecules through the cell membrane |
| Endocytosis | The process of making material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets of the cell membrane |
| Phagocytosis | Extensions of the cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a food vacuole |
| Pinocytosis | Tiny pockets form along the cell membrane, fill with liquid, and pinch off to form acuoles within the cell. |
| Exocytosis | The membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell |
| Cell Specialization | Cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks |
| Tissue | A group of similar cells that perform a similar function |
| Organ | Many tissues work together |
| Organ system | A group of organs that work together |
Created by:
njontiveros
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