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Cells Woods
Chapter 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell | collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life |
| cell theory | idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells |
| cell | collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life |
| cell theory | idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells |
| nucleus | the center of the atom which contains the proton and neutrons; in cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities |
| eukaryote | organism whose cells contain nuclei |
| prokaryote | unicellular organism lacking a nucleus |
| organelle | specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell |
| cytoplasm | material inside the cell membrane--not including the nucleus |
| nuclear envelope | layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell |
| chromatin | granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins |
| chromosome | threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| nucleolus | small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins |
| ribosome | small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein |
| endoplasmic reticulum | internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified |
| Golgi apparatus | stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum |
| lysosome | cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials within the cell |
| vacuole | cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| mitochondrion | cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| chloroplast | organelle found in cells of plants and other photosynthetic organisms; captures light energy |
| cytoskeleton | network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement |
| centriole | one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope |
| cell membrane | thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| cell wall | strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria |
| lipid bilayer | double-layered sheet that forms the core of neraly all cell membranes |
| concentration | the mass of solute in a given volume of solution or mass/volume |
| diffusion | process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| equilibrium | when the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution |
| osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| isotonic | when the concentration of two solutions is the same |
| hypertonic | when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes |
| hypotonic | when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes |
| facilitated diffusion | movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels |
| active transport | energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference |
| endocytosis | process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane |
| phagocytosis | process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell |
| pinocytosis | process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment |
| exocytosis | process by which a cell releases large amounts of material |
| cell specialization | the process in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks |
| tissue | group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
| organ | group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions |
| organ system | group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
Created by:
kirawoods
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