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Ecology Westrup 5
Chapter 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cells | the basic unit of life |
| Cell Theory | a fundamental concept of biology that states: -all living things are composed of cells -cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things -new cells are produced from existing cells |
| Nucleus | large membrane enclosed structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA |
| Eukaryotes | all cells that contain a nuclei |
| Prokaryotes | cells that do not contain a nucleus |
| Organelles | "little organs" |
| Cytoplasm | the portion of cell outside the nucleus |
| nuclear envelope | composed of 2 membranes |
| Chromatin | the granular material you can see in the nucleus; consists of DNA bound to protein |
| Chromosomes | distinct thread-like structures that contain genetic info that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| Nucleolos | a small dense region found in the nuclei; where the assembly of ribosomes begins |
| Ribosomes | small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | the internal membrane system in Eukaryotes |
| Golgi apparatus | |
| Lysosomes | small organelles filled with enzymes |
| Vacuoles | store materials such as water, protein, carbs ` |
| Mitochondria | organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more covenient for the cell to use |
| Chloroplasts | organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis |
| Cytoskeleton | gives cells their shape and internal organization |
| Centrioles | located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division (not found in plant cells!) |
| Cell Membrane | a thin, flexible barrier |
| Cell Wall | strong, supporting layer around the membrane |
| Lipid Bilayer | double-layered sheet |
| Concentration | the mass of the solute in a given colume of solution, or mass/volume |
| Diffusion | particles move from a concentrated area to a less concentrated area |
| Equilibrium | when the concentration is the same throughout the solute |
| Osmosis | the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Isotonic | "equal strength" |
| Hypertonic | "above strength" |
| Hypotonic | "below strength" |
| Facilitated Diffusion | movement of specific molecules across cell membranes throughout protien channels |
| Active Transport | cells must move materials in the opposite direction - against a concentration difference |
| Endocytosis | process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, ot pockets, of the cell membrane |
| Phagocytosis | extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it with food |
| Pinocytosis | when tiny pockets form along the cell membrane, fill with liquid, and pinch off to form vacuoles within the cell |
| Exocytosis | the process in which many cells release large amounts of material from the cell |
| Cell Specialization | the process in which cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to preform differnt tasks |
| Tissue | a group of similar cells that preform a particular function |
| Organ | group of tissues that work together to preform closely related functions |
| Organ System | group of organs that work together to preform a specific function |
Created by:
brianna7
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