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Ecology Wilde 5

Chapter 7

QuestionAnswer
Cells The basic units of life.
Cell Theory A fundamental concept of biology that states: - all living things are composed of cells - cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things - new cells are produced from existing cells
Nucleus A large, membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA.
Eukaryotes Cells that contain nuclei.
Prokaryotes Cells that do not contain nuclei.
Organelles "Little organs" in cells.
Cytoplasm The portion of the cell outside the nucleus.
Nuclear Envelope Composed of two membranes.
Chromatin A granular material consisting of DNA bound to protein found in the nucleus
Chromosomes Distinct, thread-like structures that contain the genetic information that is passed from one genereation of cells to the next.
Nucleolus A small, dense region in the nuclei where the assembly of ribosomes begins.
Ribosomes Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm.
Endoplasmic Reticulum An internal membrane system that eukaryotic cells contain.
Golgi Apparatus An organelle that proteins produced in the rough ER move into.
Lysosomes Small organelles filled with enzymes.
Vacuoles Saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Mitochondria Organelles that convert the chemical energy stored into food compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.
Chloroplasts Organelles that capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.
Cytoskeleton A supporting structure that gives eukaryotic cells their shape and internal organization.
Centrioles Located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division. Not found in plant cells.
Cell Membrane A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells.
Cell Wall A strong supporting layer around the membrane.
Lipid Bilayer A double-layered sheet that is the composition of nearly all cell membranes.
Concentration The mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume.
Diffusion Particles move from an area when they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated.
Equilibrium When the concentration of solute is the same throughout a syste,.
Osmosis The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
Isotonic The concentrations of water and sugar will be the same on both sides of the membrane. "same strength"
Hypertonic When the sugar solution is dilute and there is a more concetrated sugar solution "above strength."
Hypotonic The dilute sugar solution was "below strength."
Facilitated Diffusion Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels.
Active Transport Cells sometimes must move materials in the opposite direction-against a concentration difference.
Endocytosis The process of taking materials into the cell by the means of unfloding, or pockets, of the cell membrane.
Phagocytosis Extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a food vacuole.
Phagocytosis Extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a food vacuole.
Pinocytosis Many cells take up liquid from the surrounding environment. Tiny pockets form along the cell membrane, fill with liquid, and pinch off to form vacuoles within the cell.
Pinocytosis Many cells take up liquid from the surrounding environment. Tiny pockets form along the cell membrane, fill with liquid, and pinch off to form vacuoles within the cell.
Cell specialization Cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks.
Tissue A group of similar cells that perform a particular functions.
Organ Group of tissues that work togethor to perform closely related functions.
Organ System Group of organs that work togethor to perform a specific function.
Created by: natalie3
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