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Chapter 7
ALL vocab from chapter 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cells | collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that seperates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life |
| cell theory | idea that all living are composed of cells |
| nucleus | the center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons;in cells, structure that contains the cells genetic material (DNA) and controls the cells functions |
| Eukaryotes | organism whose cells contain nuclei |
| Prokaryotes | unicellular organism lacking a nucleus |
| organelles | specialized structures that performs important cellular functions within a eukryotic cell |
| cytoplasm | material inside the cell membrane- not including the nucleus |
| nuclear envelope | layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell |
| chromatin | granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins |
| chromosome | threadlike sturcture within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| nucleolus | small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins |
| ribosomes | small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm |
| endoplasmic reticulum | the internal membrane system of eukraryotic cells |
| golgi apperatus | an organelle that appears as a stack of closely apposed membrane |
| lysosomes | small organelles fill with enzymes |
| vacuoles | cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| mitochondria | organelles that conver the chemical energy stored in food into compounds the cell can use |
| chloroplast | organelle that capture the energy from the sunlight and converts it into chemical energy |
| cytoskeleton | network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms pf cell movements |
| centriole | one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animals cells near the nuclear envolope |
| cell membrane | thin, flexable barrier aroud a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| cell wall | strong, supporting layer aroundthe cell membrane in plants, algea, and some bacteria |
| lipid bilayer | double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes |
| concentraion | the mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume |
| diffusion | process in which particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| equilibrium | the state in which the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a system |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water throughout a selectively permable membrane |
| isotonic | when the concentration of two solutions is the same |
| hypertonic | when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes |
| hypotonic | when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentratipn of solutes |
| facilated diffusion | movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels |
| active transport | energy required process that moves materila across a cell membreane against a concentration difference |
| endocytosis | the proces by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding the cell membrane |
| phagocytosis | "cell eating"- extensions of cytoplasm surrounding a particle and package it within a food valcule |
| pinocytosis | the process in which a cell takes in liquid from his surrounding enviroment |
| exocytosis | process by which a cell released large amounts of material |
| cell specialization | the process in which cells develop in diffrent ways to preform diffrent tasks |
| tissue | group of similar cells that preform a particular function |
| organ | group of tissue that work together to perform a specific function |
| organ system | system of organs that work together |
Created by:
mking1000
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