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Unit 3 Rinehart
Unit 3 Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cells | basic unit of life |
| Cell Theory | Fudamental concept of life stating that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells |
| Nucleus | A large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cell's activity |
| Eukaryotes | Cells that contail nuclei |
| Prokaryotes | Cells that do not contain nuclei |
| Organelles | Literally "little organs" |
| Cytoplasm | Portion of the cell outside the nucleus |
| Nuclear Envelope | Composed of two membranes and dotted with thousands of nuclear pores which allow it to move in and out of the nucleus |
| Chromatin | Granulated matter you can see in the nucleus consisting of DNA bound to protein |
| Chromosomes | Threadlike structures thta contain genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| Nucleolus | Dense recion of nuclei that assembles ribosomes |
| Ribosomes | Where proteins are assembled and are found throughout the cytoplasm |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | The site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell, aka ER |
| Golgi Apparatus | Function is to modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or secretion outside of the cell |
| Lysosomes | Small organelles filled with enzymes. Function is to digest, or breakdown lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into smaller molecules that can be used by the rest of the cells |
| Vacuoles | Store material such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| Mitochondria | Organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| Chloroplasts | Organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis |
| Cytoskeleton | A network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape, and is also involved in movement |
| Centrioles | Help organize cell division and are located near the nucleus |
| Cell Membrane | Thin flexible barrier surrounding the cell. It regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also provides protection and support |
| Cell Wall | Strong supporting layer around the membrane |
| Lipid Bilayer | Double layered sheet of cell membranes |
| Concentration | The mass of solute in a given volume of solution |
| Diffusion | Process in which particles move from a higher concentrated area to a lower area |
| Equilibrium | When the comcentration of a solute is the same throughout a system |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Isotonic | When two solutions have the same strength |
| Hypertonic | When one solution is above strength |
| Hypotonic | When one soution is below strength |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels |
| Active Transport | When cells move material in opposite direction against a concentration difference |
| Endocytosis | Process of taking material into the cell by means of pockets if the cell membrane |
| Phagocytosos | Extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package if with a food vacuole |
| Pinocytosis | Process of cells taking up liquid in their surrounding environment and form vacuoles with that liquid |
| Exocytosis | The membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material fuses with cell membrane, forcing the contentsx out of the cell |
| Cell Specilization | Process of developing cells throughout an organism in different ways to form different tasks |
| Tissue | Group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
| Organ | When many groups of tissue work together |
| Organ System | Group of organs that work together to perform a specifif function |
Created by:
TeddyStuka
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