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Chapter 7: Vocab
Cell Structure & Function Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell | The basic unit of life. |
| Cell Theory | The theory that all living things are composed of cells, cells are basic units of structure & function,& cells come from cells. |
| Nucleus | A large membrane-enclosed structure that contains a cell's genetic material in the form of DNA. |
| Eukaryotes | Cells that contain nuclei that separates their genetic material from the rest of the cell. |
| Prokaryotes | Cells that do not contain nuclei; their genetic material is not contained in the nucleus. |
| Organelles | A specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell. |
| Cytoplasm | The portion of a cell outide the nuclues. |
| Nuclear Envelope | The layer of two membranes that surrounds a cell's nucleus. |
| Chromatin | The granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins. |
| Chromosomes | A threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next. |
| Nucleolus | A small dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of protein begins. |
| Ribosomes | A small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | The internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are asembled and some proteins are modified. |
| Golgi Apparatus | The stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| Lysosome | The cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell. |
| Vacuole | The cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. |
| Mitochondria | The cell organelle that coverts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. |
| Chloroplast | The organelle found in plants & some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight & converts it into chemical energy. |
| Cytoskeleton | The network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maitain its shape & is involved in many forms of cell movement. |
| Centriole | One of two tiny stuctures located in the cytoplasm of animals cells, near the nuclear envelope. |
| Cell Membrane | The thin, flexible barrier around a cell that regulates what enters & leaves the cell. |
| Cell Wall | A strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane found in plants,algae,& some bacteria. |
| Lipid Bilayer | The double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes. |
| Cocentration | The mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume. |
| Diffusion | The process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated. |
| Equilibrium | When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution. |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable cell. |
| Isotonic | When the concentration of two solutions is the same. |
| Hypertonic | (Between two solutions) The solution with the greater concentration of solutes. |
| Hypotonic | (Between two solutions) The solution with the lesser concentration of solutes. |
| Facilitated Diffusion | The movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels. |
| Active Transport | An energy-required process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference. |
| Endocytosis | The process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane. |
| Phagocytosis | Extensions of cytoplasm that surround a particle and package it within a vacuole. |
| Pinocytosis | When tiny pockets form along the cell membrane, fill with liquid, and pinch off to form vacuoles within the cell. |
| Exocytosis | When the membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell. |
| Cell Specialization | The process in which cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks. |
| Tissue | A group of similar cells that perform a particular function. |
| Organ | A group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions. |
| Organ System | A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function. |
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