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EcologyChap7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cells | basic unit of life |
| cell theory | a fundamental concept of biology that states all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of function and structure in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells |
| nucleus | large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cells's genetic material in the form of DNA, controls many of the cell's activities |
| Eukaryotes | cells that contain nuclei |
| prokaryotes | cells that do not contain nuclei |
| organelles | specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell |
| cytoplasm | portion of cell outside the nucleus that holds all organelles |
| nuclear envelope | composed of two membranes surrounding nucleus and dotted with thousands of nuclear pores, which allow material to move in and out of nucleus |
| chromatin | consists of DNA bound to protein, spread throughout nucleus |
| chromosomes | distinct, threadlike structures that contain genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| nucleolus | small, dense region where assembly of ribosomes begins |
| ribosomes | produce proteins by following nucleus's intstruction, small particles of RNA and protein found throguhout cytoplasm |
| endoplasmic reticulum | internal membrane system where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell |
| golgi apparatus | modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the er for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell |
| lysosomes | small organelles filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell |
| vacuoles | saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbs |
| mitochondria | organelles that convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| chloroplasts | organelles that capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy through photosynthesis |
| cytoskeleton | network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape, a;lsp involved in movement |
| centrioles | located near nucleus and help to organize cell division |
| cell membrane | thin, flexible barrier that protects and surrounds all cells and regulates what enters and leaves cell |
| cell wall | strong supporting layer around membrane |
| lipid bilayer | composition of all cell membranes that is a double-layered sheet |
| concentration | mass of solute in a given volume of solution |
| diffusion | when particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| equilibrum | when concentration of a solution is the same throughout a system |
| osmosis | diffusion of water througha selectively permeable membrane |
| isotonic | when the concentration of two solutions is the same |
| hypertonic | when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes |
| hypotonic | when comparing two solutions, the solutino with the lesser concentration of solutes |
| facilitated diffusion | molecules that cannot diffuse across the cell membrane's lipid bilayer on their own move through protein channels instead |
| active transport | energy-requiring process that moves materials across a cell membrane against a concentration difference |
| endocytosis | process of taking materials into the cell by means of infoldings of the cell membrane |
| phagocytosis | extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a food vacuole and the cell engulfs it |
| pinocytosis | when tiny pockets form along cell membrane, fill with liquid, and pinch off to form vacoules within the cell |
| exocytosis | the membrane of a vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell |
| cell specialization | when cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks |
| organ | group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions |
| organ system | group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
| tissue | group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
Created by:
kirstenhansen
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