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Chapter 7
Cell Structure and Function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cells | baisc units of life |
| cell theory | all living things are composed of cells. cells are basic units of structurea and function in living things.New cells are produced from existing cells. |
| nucleus | large mambrane enclosed structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA |
| Eukaryotes | cells that contain nuclei |
| Prokaryotes | cells that contain no nuclei |
| organells | little organs |
| cytoplasm | portion of cell outside the nucleus |
| nuclear envelope | nucleus is surrounded by it composed of 2 membranes allows material to move into and out of the nucleus |
| chromatin | granular material in nucleus consists of DNA bound to protein |
| chromosomes | when cell divides chromatin condenses to this |
| nucleolus | small dense region contained in nucleus |
| ribosomes | proteins are assembled on these |
| endoplasmic reticulum | site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled , along with proteins and other materilas that are exported from the cell. |
| Golgi apparatus | proteins produced in the rough ER move next into an organelle called this. function to odify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell. |
| lysosomes | small organelles filled with enzymes clean up crew. |
| vacuoles | store things. saclike structures that store materials such as water,salts,proteins and carbohydrates. |
| mitochondria | organelles that convet the chemical energy stored in food into compunds that are more convenient for the cell use. |
| chloroplasts. | are organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and conert it into chemical energy in a process called photosunthesis |
| cytoskeleton | eukaryotic cells are given their shape and internal organization by supporting structure known as this. a network of protein fillaments that helps the cells to maintain its shape/ the cytoskeleton is also involved in movement. |
| centrioles | located near the nucleus abd help to organize cell division. not found in plant cells. |
| cell membrane | all cells surrounded by a thin flexible barrier regulates what enters and leaves the cel an also provides protection and support |
| cell wall | many cells also produce a strong supporting layer around the membrane main function is to provide support and protection for the cell |
| lipid bilayer | coposition of mearly all cell membranes is a doble layered sheet |
| concentration | concentration of a solution is the mass of solute in a given volume of solutiopn, or mass/volume. |
| diffusion | when particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated because diffusion depends upon random particle movements, substances diffuse across membranes without requiring the cell to use energy |
| equilibrium | when concentration of the solute is the same thourghout a system |
| osmosis | is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| isotonic | same strength |
| hypertonic | above strength |
| hypotonic | below strength |
| facilitated diffusion | cell membranes have protein channels that act as carriers, making it easy for certain molecules to cross. procces known as. |
| active transport | cells sometime move materials in the opposite direction- against concentration difference |
| endocytosis | proccess of taking material into the cell by menas of infoldings , or pockets, of the cell membrane |
| phagocytosis | means cell eating |
| pinocytosis | take up liquid from the surrounding environment. tiny pockets form along the cell membrane, fill with liquid, and pinch off to form vacuoles within the cel. |
| exocytosis | membrane of the vacuole surrondign the material fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell. |
| cell specialization | cells thorugh out an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks. |
| levels of organization | levels of organization in multicellular organism are individual cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems |
| tissue | a groupd of similar cells that perform a particular function |
| organ | many groups of tissue work together as an organ |
| organ system | a groupd of rogans that work together to perfrom a specific function is acalled an organ system. |
Created by:
13nick57
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