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Ch 7 awendland
Cell Structure and Function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cells | Basic units of life |
| Cell Theory | A fundamental concept of biology |
| Nucleus | Large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cell’s activities |
| Eukaryotes | Are cells that contain nuclei |
| Prokaryotes | Cells that do not contain nuclei |
| Organelles | Specialized structures in cells similar organs |
| Cytoplasm | Portion of the cell outside the nucleus |
| Nuclear Envelope | Composed of two membranes and dotted with thousands of nuclear pores which allow material to move in and out of the nucleus |
| Chromatin | Granular material that consists of DNA bound to a protein |
| Chromosome | Threadlike structures made of chromatin that contain genetic information that will be passed onto the next cell generation |
| Nucleolus | Location where ribosomes are assembled |
| Ribosomes | Small particles of RNA and proteins found throughout the cytoplasm |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | The site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell |
| Golgi Apparatus | Modifies, sorts and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage i9n the cells or secretion outside the cells |
| Lysosomes | Small organelles filled with enzymes that digest lipids, carbohydrates and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell |
| Vacuoles | Store materials such as water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates. Also provides support in plants |
| Mitochondria | Organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| Chloroplasts | Organelles that capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis |
| Cytoskeleton | Provide internal supporting structure for Eukaryotic cells |
| Centrioles | Located near the nucleus and help organize cell division (Not found in plant cells) |
| Cell Membrane | Thin flexible barrier |
| Cell Wall | Strong supporting outer membrane |
| Lipid Bilayer | Makes up cell membrane and regulates what enters and exits the cell |
| Concentration | In a solution, the mass of a solute in a given volume of solution, or mass / volume |
| Diffusion | Particles tend to move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration |
| Equilibrium | Concentraion of the solute is the same throughout the system |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Isotonic | When concentration of a solute in two substances is the same |
| Hypertonic | Initially more concentrated of the two solutions |
| Hypotonic | Initially lower concentrated of the two solutions |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Process by which cell membranes help diffuse certain substances with the help of specific proteins |
| Active Transport | Process of moving substances opposite of the diffusion would have done (Requires energy) |
| Enocytosis | Process of taking material into the cell by means of infolding of the cell membrane (Active transport) |
| Phagocytosis | Extension of the cytoplasm surrounds a particle and packages it into a vacuole inside the cell (Active transport) |
| Pinocytosis | Process of tiny pockets around the cell filling with liquid then pinching off into vacuoles |
| Exocytosis | Membrane of vacuole fuses with cell membrane forcing the substance out of the cell |
| Cell Specialization | Process in which cells develop to specialize in one specific task |
| Tissue | Group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
| Organ | Group of tissues working together |
| Organ System | Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
Created by:
awendland
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