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Ch 7 flashcards

Chapter 7 flashcards

TermDefinition
Cell Basic unit of life.
Cell theory Cells are basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells.
Nucleus Large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cells genetic material in form of DNA.
Eukaryote Cells that contain nuclei.
Prokaryote Cells that don't contain nuclei.
Organelle "Little organs".
Cytoplasm Portion of the cell outside the nucleus.
Nuclear envelope What the nucleus is surrounded by and is composed of two membranes.
Chromatin Consists of DNA bound to protein.
Chromosomes When a cell divides chromatin condense to form these.
Nucleolus The nucleus core where ribosomes are produced.
Ribosomes Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm.
Endoplasmic reticulum A eukaryotic cell's complex internal membrane system, and the site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembles along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell.
Golgi apparatus Modifies, sorts and packages protiensand other materials.
Lysosomes Small organelles filled with enzymes, that break down complex polymers and remove junk.
Vacuoles Stores materials such as water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates in a cell.
Mitochondria Organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.
Cell membrane Thin flexible membrane that surrounds a cell.
Cell wall Strong supporting layer around the cell membrane. Not all cells have this.
Lipid bilayer Double layered sheet that makes up cell membranes.
Concentration The mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass divided by volume.
Diffusion The process of molecules moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
Equilibrium When the concentration of the solute is the same throughout a system.
Osmosis The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
Isotonic Means "same strength".
Chloroplasts Perform photosythesis in a cell.
Cytoskeleton Supporting structure of a eukaryotic cell.
Centrioles Help to organize cell divison and are near the nucleus.
Hypertonic A more concentrated solution.
Hypotonic A less concentrated solution.
Facilitated diffusion A cell membrane channel that helps with the diffusion of glucose across a membrane.
Active transport Process in which transport protiens pump molecules against the flow of diffusion.
Endocytosis The process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings or pockets of the cell membrane.
Phagocytosis Process in which extensions of cytoplasm surrond a particle and package it within a food vacuole. Then the cell engulfs it.
Pinocytosis Tiny pockets that form along the cell membrane, fill with liquid, and pinch off to form vacuoles.
Exocytosis The membrane of a vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell.
Cell specialization Groups of cells that develop in different ways to perform certain tasks.
Tissue A group of similar cells that perform a particular function.
Organ A group of similar tissue that help perform a similar function.
Organ system A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.
Created by: Skrimish10
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