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Unit 3 - Chapter 7
Cell Structure and Function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell | collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that seperates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life |
| Cell Theory | idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells |
| Nucleus | structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities |
| Eukaryote | organism whose cells contain nuclei |
| Prokaryote | unicellular organism lacking a nucleus |
| Organelle | specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell |
| Cytoplasm | material inside the cell membrane--not including the nucleus |
| Nuclear Envelope | layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell |
| Chromatin | granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins |
| Chromosome | threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| Nucleolus | small, dense region within the nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins |
| Ribosome | small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified |
| Golgi Apparatus | stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum |
| Lysosome | cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell |
| Vacuole | cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| Mitochondrin | cell organelle that converts rhe chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convienent for the cell to use |
| Chloroplast | organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy |
| Cytoskeleton | network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement |
| Centriole | one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope |
| Cell Membrane | thin flexible barrier, around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| Cell Wall | strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria |
| Lipid Bilayer | double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes |
| Concentration | the mass of solutein a given volume of solution, mass/volume |
| Diffusion | process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentreated |
| Equlibrium | when the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution |
| Osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Isotonic | when the concentration of two solutions is the same |
| Hypertonic | when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes |
| Hypotonic | when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes |
| Faciliated Diffusion | movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels |
| Active Transport | energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference |
| Endocytosis | process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane |
| Phagocytosis | process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell |
| Pinocytosis | process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding enviroment |
| Exocytosis | process by which a cell releases large amounts of material |
| Cell Specialization | the process in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks |
| Tissue | group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
| Organ | group of tissues that work together to preform closely related functions |
| Organ System | group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
Created by:
alanaaguirre
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