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MIC 205 Fungi
Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is mycology? | The study of fungi |
| What are characteristics of the three major groups of fungi? | Yeasts—unicellular; Molds—form aerial and vegetative hyphae; Mushrooms—fleshy fungi |
| What are lichens? | Molds in symbiotic relationships with photosynthetic organisms |
| What are hyphae? | Long, branched, tubular filaments in the thalli of molds |
| What is the difference between vegetative and aerial hyphae? | Vegetative hyphae are in physical contact with whatever the fungi is feeding on; Aerial hyphae produce asexual spores |
| What are mycelium? | Tangled mass of hyphae |
| How do fungi differ from bacteria? | fungi have spores |
| Are fungi eukaryotes or prokaryotes? | Eukaryotes |
| Describe their metabolism. | Metabolize organic matter |
| Are fungi plants? | No |
| What is the major component of fungi cell walls? | chitin |
| Are fungi pathogenic for man? Animals? Plants? | Man-100 yes; Animals-100 yes; Plants-most yes |
| Fungi reproduce asexually and sexually. Name five types of asexual spores. | Arthrospores; Chlamydospores; Sporangiospores; Conidiospores; Blastospores |
| How are fungi classified? | By their spores |
| In what three divisions do we classify fungi? | Zygomycota; Ascomycota; Basidiomycota |
| What are some characteristics of the Fungi Imperfecti? | Pathogens; Dimorphic—yeast and mold stages |
| What is a dimorphic fungus? | A fungus with yeast and mold stages |
| How are fungi beneficial to us? | Cancer drugs, beer, bread, citric acid, antibiotics, bioremediation |
| How are fungi beneficial to plants? | Help them grow |
| Where do we normally find Candida albicans? | Normal flora mucous membranes |
| Under what circumstances will this yeast (Candida albicans) cause infection? | Causes infection after antibiotic therapy that kills normal flora |
| What is thrush? | yeast infection of the mucus membrane lining of the mouth and tongue |
| Describe Cryptococcus neoformans. | yeast |
| What symptoms/conditions are associated with Cryptococcus infection? | Pneumonia, meningitis, some skin lesions |
| How do we diagnose infections with this yeast (Cryptococcus neoformans)? | Capsule diagnostic in spinal fluid |
| How do we become infected with Cryptococcus neoformans? | Spores inhaled from pigeon droppings and dust |
| Name three ways that molds cause disease. | Allergic reaction; Toxins; Infect tissue |
| Name three molds that produce toxins. | Aspergillus flavus; Claviceps purpurea; Stachybotrys chartarum |
| What foods are likely to contain these toxins when produced? | Gains, peanuts, peanut butter |
| Which toxin is carcinogenic? | aflatoxins |
| Which toxin produces symptoms similar to LSD exposure? | ergot |
| Which toxin produces chemicals used to treat migraine headaches and stimulate labor contractions for pregnant women? | ergot |
| Which toxin may be associated with sick-building syndrome? | satratoxins |
| What is the difference between superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic mycotic infections? | Superficial—outermost layers of skin and hair; Subcutaneous—dermis, subcutaneous tissues, muscle, and fascia; Systemic—organ systems |
| Describe the diseases caused by Tricophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. | Tinea infections—“ringworm”; Hair loss, red skin, blisters, rash or scaly rings; Contagious |
| How do they break down skin, nails, and hair? | Use keratin as a nutrient source |
| What organism causes rose thorn disease? | Sporothrix schenkii |
| What is the proper name of the rose thorn disease? | Sporotrichosis |
| Who is likely to get infected with this fungus? | Gardeners and people who work with wood are common victims |
| Name three dimorphic fungi that cause similar diseases. | Coccidioides immitis; Histoplasma capsulatum; Blastomyces dermatiditis |
| In what geographic area is each usually found? | Coccidioides immitis—Southwestern U.S. (Arizona); Histoplasma capsulatum—Ohio/Mississippi River Valley; Blastomyces dermatiditis—Canada, Great Lakes, Midwest, Southeastern U.S. |
| Most people are infected by these fungi by inhaling their spores. Which one causes infection by entering through cuts and abrasions? | Blastomyces dermatiditis |
| Describe at least six ways to diagnose fungal infections. | Grow on media; Wet preps; Stains; Woods lamp; Serology; X-ray; Biopsy; DNA Probes |
Created by:
slarmentrout
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