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terrestrial eco P MT
practice for the terrestrial ecoststems mid-term at fleming college
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An event that changes the state of an ecosystem and influences ecological processes | Ecosystem disturbance |
| The natural (or non natural) transition from one ecosystem state to another, characterized by biological and chemical processes and components | Succession |
| Study of interactive relationships between fire and biota and chemical processes within an ecosystem | Fire ecology |
| Fire, wind, water, polution, mechanical impact and pathogens | Examples of ecosystems disturbances |
| In order for forest succession to start again there needs to be some sort of ______________ | Disturbance |
| Climate soil nutrient status Seed disbursal capabilities Animal herbavory Allelopathy | Site condition that are vital in species establishment |
| Highlight environments Increased temperature High wind velocity Low soil moisture High nutrients Shade intolerant plants | Early succession |
| Lower light environments Thicker canopies Less soil nutrients Increased soil moisture Moderately shade tolerant plants | Mid succession |
| Low light conditions Cooleer site temperatures Lower soil nutrients Moist soils Shade tolerant plants | Late succession |
| Theoretically, should be highest in patch areas of forest typically, this is characteristic of early successional stages Diversity can increase with gap creation. | Biological diversity |
| _______________ is often characterized by biological diversity because of abundance of resources | Early succession |
| One of the most important initial steps for forest succession is fire Fire is a natural and neccessary part of the ecosystem | Fire ecology |
| Fire is essential for ______________ forest regeneration | Boreal |
| ______________ reproduction is dependant on fire however fire intensity matters | Jack Pine |
| When fire burns trees, what nutrients does it release? | Nitrogen, mercury and sulpher |
| Dependant on fire for maintenance and structure If fire is excluded from the ecosystem, shrubs will invade, facilitating forest succession | The relationship between Black oak savannah and fire |
| Have lower species richness and smaller populations | Small forest fragments |
| Provides more channels for species to colonize | Large islands/forests |
| What does MVP stand for? | Minimum valuable population |
| Minimum threshold of individuals that will ensure that a population will persist in a viable state for a given time Ability of a species to resist a certain stressor and have the ability to recover their populations | Minimum valuable population (MVP) |
| Not many offspring; many resources needed to survive | K strategists |
| Many offspring; less resources to survive | r strategists |
| Forests are fragmented, there is an increase in edge habitat | Forest fragmentation |
| Transition zones between ecosystems; narrow | Ecotone |
| Inherent/natural feature | Inert edge |
| Found where two succession stages meet Short term phenomenon | Induced edge |
| Can increase diversity and species richness but many of these species can be invasive species; intact edges provide more protection | An edge |
| Refers to area | Edge size |
| ___________ from buffer zone is the interior of the forest | 100M |
| All life on earth is created by _____________ energy | The sun |
| Flora and fauna in terrestrial ecosystems adapt to these changes in ______________ inputs | Solar radiation |
| Refers to a part of an ecosystems that traps carbon | A carbon sink |
| Refers to a part of an ecosystem that releases carbon | Carbon source |
| Total amount of carbon fixed by leaves | Gross photosynthesis |
| Amount of carbon released via leaf metabolism | Leaf respiration |
| Gross photosynthesis minus leaf resporation | Net photosynthesis |
| Amount of carbon used by other parts of the plant or cell funtion | Non leaf resporation |
| Photosynthesis used to create oxygen molecules | Net primary production |
| NPP stands for | Net primary production |
| NPP minus decomposiiton | Live biomass acumulation |
| Growth and reproduction | Net secondary production |
| How do we date the earth? | Argon 40 |